Relation of sleep quality and sleep duration to type 2 diabetes: a population-based cross-sectional survey

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality and the prevalence of diabetes in a contemporary sample of Chinese adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Community-based investigation in Xuzhou, China. PARTICIPANTS: 16 893 Chinese men and women aged 18–75 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported quality and duration of sleep were obtained by questionnaire, and type 2 diabetes was assessed by fasting blood glucose. Sleep quality was categorised as good, common or poor. Sleep duration was measured by average hours of sleep per night, with categories of ≤6 h, 6–8 h and ≥8 h. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between sleep duration or sleep quality and diabetes. RESULTS: Both poor quality of sleep and short sleep duration (≤6 h) were associated with increased prevalence of diabetes, with higher rates in relatively healthy Chinese people. Compared with the group with good quality of sleep and 6–8 h sleep duration, diabetes was the most prevalent in individuals with poor sleep quality and ≤6 h sleep duration (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.85) and in those with poor sleep quality who slept ≥8 h (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.26), even after adjustment for a large number of further possible factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that sleep of poor quality and short duration is associated with diabetes.