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Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics

Tumor-specific immunotherapy holds the promise of eradicating malignant tumors with exquisite precision without additional toxicity to standard treatments. Cancer immunotherapy has conventionally relied on cell-mediated immunity while successful infectious disease vaccines have been shown to induce...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sayour, Elias J, Sanchez-Perez, Luis, Flores, Catherine, Mitchell, Duane A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25901285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40425-015-0058-0
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author Sayour, Elias J
Sanchez-Perez, Luis
Flores, Catherine
Mitchell, Duane A
author_facet Sayour, Elias J
Sanchez-Perez, Luis
Flores, Catherine
Mitchell, Duane A
author_sort Sayour, Elias J
collection PubMed
description Tumor-specific immunotherapy holds the promise of eradicating malignant tumors with exquisite precision without additional toxicity to standard treatments. Cancer immunotherapy has conventionally relied on cell-mediated immunity while successful infectious disease vaccines have been shown to induce humoral immunity. Efficacious cancer immunotherapeutics likely require both cellular and humoral responses, and RNA based cancer vaccines are especially suited to stimulate both arms of the immune system. RNA is inherently immunogenic, inducing innate immune responses to initiate cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, but has limited utility based on its poor in vivo stability. Early work utilized ‘naked’ RNA vaccines, whereas more recent efforts have attempted to encapsulate RNA thereby protecting it from degradation. However, feasibility has been limited by a lack of defined and safe targeting mechanisms for the in vivo delivery of stabilized RNA. As new cancer antigens come to the forefront with novel RNA encapsulation and targeting techniques, RNA vaccines may prove to be a vital, safe and robust method to initiate patient-specific anti-tumor efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-44046522015-04-22 Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics Sayour, Elias J Sanchez-Perez, Luis Flores, Catherine Mitchell, Duane A J Immunother Cancer Review Tumor-specific immunotherapy holds the promise of eradicating malignant tumors with exquisite precision without additional toxicity to standard treatments. Cancer immunotherapy has conventionally relied on cell-mediated immunity while successful infectious disease vaccines have been shown to induce humoral immunity. Efficacious cancer immunotherapeutics likely require both cellular and humoral responses, and RNA based cancer vaccines are especially suited to stimulate both arms of the immune system. RNA is inherently immunogenic, inducing innate immune responses to initiate cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, but has limited utility based on its poor in vivo stability. Early work utilized ‘naked’ RNA vaccines, whereas more recent efforts have attempted to encapsulate RNA thereby protecting it from degradation. However, feasibility has been limited by a lack of defined and safe targeting mechanisms for the in vivo delivery of stabilized RNA. As new cancer antigens come to the forefront with novel RNA encapsulation and targeting techniques, RNA vaccines may prove to be a vital, safe and robust method to initiate patient-specific anti-tumor efficacy. BioMed Central 2015-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4404652/ /pubmed/25901285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40425-015-0058-0 Text en © Sayour et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Sayour, Elias J
Sanchez-Perez, Luis
Flores, Catherine
Mitchell, Duane A
Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics
title Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics
title_full Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics
title_fullStr Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics
title_full_unstemmed Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics
title_short Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics
title_sort bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted rna based immunotherapeutics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25901285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40425-015-0058-0
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