Three Members of Polyamine Modulon under Oxidative Stress Conditions: Two Transcription Factors (SoxR and EmrR) and a Glutathione Synthetic Enzyme (GshA)

Members of polyamine modulon whose synthesis is enhanced at the level of translation were looked for under oxidative stress conditions caused by 0.6 μM K(2)TeO(3). When an Escherichia coli polyamine-requiring mutant MA261 was cultured in the presence of K(2)TeO(3), the degree of polyamine stimulation of cell growth was greater than in cells cultured in the absence of K(2)TeO(3). Under these conditions, synthesis of SoxR, a transcriptional factor for expression of the superoxide response regulon, EmrR, a negative transcriptional factor for expression of the genes for drug excretion proteins, EmrA and EmrB, and of GshA, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase necessary for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, were stimulated by polyamines at the level of translation. Polyamine stimulation of SoxR and EmrR synthesis was dependent on the existence of an unusually located Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence in soxR and emrR mRNAs. Polyamine stimulation of GshA synthesis was due to the existence of the inefficient initiation codon UUG instead of AUG. Polyamine stimulation of the synthesis of EmrR was mainly observed at the logarithmic phase of growth, while that of the synthesis of SoxR and GshA was at the stationary phase. These results strongly suggest that polyamines are involved in easing of oxidative stress through stimulation of synthesis of SoxR, EmrR and GshA together with RpoS, previously found as a member of polyamine modulon at the stationary phase.