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Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children
Background. The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is the preferred vaccine for children, but the mechanisms behind protective immune responses are unclear, and the duration of immunity remains to be elucidated. This study reports on the longevity of B-cell and T-cell responses elicited by the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25425696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu654 |
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author | Mohn, Kristin G.-I. Bredholt, Geir Brokstad, Karl A. Pathirana, Rishi D. Aarstad, Hans J. Tøndel, Camilla Cox, Rebecca J. |
author_facet | Mohn, Kristin G.-I. Bredholt, Geir Brokstad, Karl A. Pathirana, Rishi D. Aarstad, Hans J. Tøndel, Camilla Cox, Rebecca J. |
author_sort | Mohn, Kristin G.-I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is the preferred vaccine for children, but the mechanisms behind protective immune responses are unclear, and the duration of immunity remains to be elucidated. This study reports on the longevity of B-cell and T-cell responses elicited by the LAIV. Methods. Thirty-eight children (3–17 years old) were administered seasonal LAIV. Blood samples were collected before vaccination with sequential sampling up to 1 year after vaccination. Humoral responses were evaluated by a hemagglutination inhibition assay, and memory B-cell responses were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot). T-cell responses were evaluated by interferon γ (IFN-γ) ELISpot analysis, and intracellular cytokine staining of CD4(+) T cells for detection of IFN-γ, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor α was performed using flow cytometry. Results. LAIV induced significant increases in B-cell and T-cell responses, which were sustained at least 1 year after vaccination. Strain variations were observed, in which the B strain elicited stronger responses. IFN-γ–expressing T cell counts increased significantly, and remained higher than prevaccination levels 1 year later. Expression of T-helper type 1 intracellular cytokines (interleukin 2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased after 1 dose and were boosted after the second dose. Hemagglutination inhibition titers were sustained for 1 year. Vaccine-induced memory B cell counts were significantly increased, and the response persisted for one year. Conclusions. LAIV elicited B-cell and T-cell responses that persisted for at least 1 year in children. This is a novel finding that will aid future vaccine policy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4407761 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44077612015-06-26 Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children Mohn, Kristin G.-I. Bredholt, Geir Brokstad, Karl A. Pathirana, Rishi D. Aarstad, Hans J. Tøndel, Camilla Cox, Rebecca J. J Infect Dis Major Articles and Brief Reports Background. The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is the preferred vaccine for children, but the mechanisms behind protective immune responses are unclear, and the duration of immunity remains to be elucidated. This study reports on the longevity of B-cell and T-cell responses elicited by the LAIV. Methods. Thirty-eight children (3–17 years old) were administered seasonal LAIV. Blood samples were collected before vaccination with sequential sampling up to 1 year after vaccination. Humoral responses were evaluated by a hemagglutination inhibition assay, and memory B-cell responses were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot). T-cell responses were evaluated by interferon γ (IFN-γ) ELISpot analysis, and intracellular cytokine staining of CD4(+) T cells for detection of IFN-γ, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor α was performed using flow cytometry. Results. LAIV induced significant increases in B-cell and T-cell responses, which were sustained at least 1 year after vaccination. Strain variations were observed, in which the B strain elicited stronger responses. IFN-γ–expressing T cell counts increased significantly, and remained higher than prevaccination levels 1 year later. Expression of T-helper type 1 intracellular cytokines (interleukin 2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased after 1 dose and were boosted after the second dose. Hemagglutination inhibition titers were sustained for 1 year. Vaccine-induced memory B cell counts were significantly increased, and the response persisted for one year. Conclusions. LAIV elicited B-cell and T-cell responses that persisted for at least 1 year in children. This is a novel finding that will aid future vaccine policy. Oxford University Press 2015-05-15 2014-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4407761/ /pubmed/25425696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu654 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. |
spellingShingle | Major Articles and Brief Reports Mohn, Kristin G.-I. Bredholt, Geir Brokstad, Karl A. Pathirana, Rishi D. Aarstad, Hans J. Tøndel, Camilla Cox, Rebecca J. Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children |
title | Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children |
title_full | Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children |
title_fullStr | Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children |
title_full_unstemmed | Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children |
title_short | Longevity of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children |
title_sort | longevity of b-cell and t-cell responses after live attenuated influenza vaccination in children |
topic | Major Articles and Brief Reports |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25425696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu654 |
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