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The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila

How do animals adaptively integrate innate with learned behavioral tendencies? We tackle this question using chemotaxis as a paradigm. Chemotaxis in the Drosophila larva largely results from a sequence of runs and oriented turns. Thus, the larvae minimally need to determine (i) how fast to run, (ii)...

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Autores principales: Schleyer, Michael, Reid, Samuel F., Pamir, Evren, Saumweber, Timo, Paisios, Emmanouil, Davies, Alexander, Gerber, Bertram, Louis, Matthieu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25887280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.037978.114
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author Schleyer, Michael
Reid, Samuel F.
Pamir, Evren
Saumweber, Timo
Paisios, Emmanouil
Davies, Alexander
Gerber, Bertram
Louis, Matthieu
author_facet Schleyer, Michael
Reid, Samuel F.
Pamir, Evren
Saumweber, Timo
Paisios, Emmanouil
Davies, Alexander
Gerber, Bertram
Louis, Matthieu
author_sort Schleyer, Michael
collection PubMed
description How do animals adaptively integrate innate with learned behavioral tendencies? We tackle this question using chemotaxis as a paradigm. Chemotaxis in the Drosophila larva largely results from a sequence of runs and oriented turns. Thus, the larvae minimally need to determine (i) how fast to run, (ii) when to initiate a turn, and (iii) where to direct a turn. We first report how odor-source intensities modulate these decisions to bring about higher levels of chemotactic performance for higher odor-source intensities during innate chemotaxis. We then examine whether the same modulations are responsible for alterations of chemotactic performance by learned odor “valence” (understood throughout as level of attractiveness). We find that run speed (i) is neither modulated by the innate nor by the learned valence of an odor. Turn rate (ii), however, is modulated by both: the higher the innate or learned valence of the odor, the less often larvae turn whenever heading toward the odor source, and the more often they turn when heading away. Likewise, turning direction (iii) is modulated concordantly by innate and learned valence: turning is biased more strongly toward the odor source when either innate or learned valence is high. Using numerical simulations, we show that a modulation of both turn rate and of turning direction is sufficient to account for the empirically found differences in preference scores across experimental conditions. Our results suggest that innate and learned valence organize adaptive olfactory search behavior by their summed effects on turn rate and turning direction, but not on run speed. This work should aid studies into the neural mechanisms by which memory impacts specific aspects of behavior.
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spelling pubmed-44087732015-05-01 The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila Schleyer, Michael Reid, Samuel F. Pamir, Evren Saumweber, Timo Paisios, Emmanouil Davies, Alexander Gerber, Bertram Louis, Matthieu Learn Mem Research How do animals adaptively integrate innate with learned behavioral tendencies? We tackle this question using chemotaxis as a paradigm. Chemotaxis in the Drosophila larva largely results from a sequence of runs and oriented turns. Thus, the larvae minimally need to determine (i) how fast to run, (ii) when to initiate a turn, and (iii) where to direct a turn. We first report how odor-source intensities modulate these decisions to bring about higher levels of chemotactic performance for higher odor-source intensities during innate chemotaxis. We then examine whether the same modulations are responsible for alterations of chemotactic performance by learned odor “valence” (understood throughout as level of attractiveness). We find that run speed (i) is neither modulated by the innate nor by the learned valence of an odor. Turn rate (ii), however, is modulated by both: the higher the innate or learned valence of the odor, the less often larvae turn whenever heading toward the odor source, and the more often they turn when heading away. Likewise, turning direction (iii) is modulated concordantly by innate and learned valence: turning is biased more strongly toward the odor source when either innate or learned valence is high. Using numerical simulations, we show that a modulation of both turn rate and of turning direction is sufficient to account for the empirically found differences in preference scores across experimental conditions. Our results suggest that innate and learned valence organize adaptive olfactory search behavior by their summed effects on turn rate and turning direction, but not on run speed. This work should aid studies into the neural mechanisms by which memory impacts specific aspects of behavior. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2015-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4408773/ /pubmed/25887280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.037978.114 Text en © 2015 Schleyer et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article, published in Learning & Memory, is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Research
Schleyer, Michael
Reid, Samuel F.
Pamir, Evren
Saumweber, Timo
Paisios, Emmanouil
Davies, Alexander
Gerber, Bertram
Louis, Matthieu
The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila
title The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila
title_full The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila
title_fullStr The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila
title_full_unstemmed The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila
title_short The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila
title_sort impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval drosophila
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25887280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.037978.114
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