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Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity

Life history theory predicts that trait evolution should be constrained by competing physiological demands on an organism. Immune defense provides a classic example in which immune responses are presumed to be costly and therefore come at the expense of other traits related to fitness. One strategy...

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Autor principal: Lazzaro, Brian P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25915419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002136
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author Lazzaro, Brian P.
author_facet Lazzaro, Brian P.
author_sort Lazzaro, Brian P.
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description Life history theory predicts that trait evolution should be constrained by competing physiological demands on an organism. Immune defense provides a classic example in which immune responses are presumed to be costly and therefore come at the expense of other traits related to fitness. One strategy for mitigating the costs of expensive traits is to render them inducible, such that the cost is paid only when the trait is utilized. In the current issue of PLOS Biology, Bajgar and colleagues elegantly demonstrate the energetic and life history cost of the immune response that Drosophila melanogaster larvae induce after infection by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi. These authors show that infection-induced proliferation of defensive blood cells commands a diversion of dietary carbon away from somatic growth and development, with simple sugars instead being shunted to the hematopoetic organ for rapid conversion into the raw energy required for cell proliferation. This metabolic shift results in a 15% delay in the development of the infected larva and is mediated by adenosine signaling between the hematopoietic organ and the central metabolic control organ of the host fly. The adenosine signal thus allows D. melanogaster to rapidly marshal the energy needed for effective defense and to pay the cost of immunity only when infected.
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spelling pubmed-44110262015-05-07 Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity Lazzaro, Brian P. PLoS Biol Primer Life history theory predicts that trait evolution should be constrained by competing physiological demands on an organism. Immune defense provides a classic example in which immune responses are presumed to be costly and therefore come at the expense of other traits related to fitness. One strategy for mitigating the costs of expensive traits is to render them inducible, such that the cost is paid only when the trait is utilized. In the current issue of PLOS Biology, Bajgar and colleagues elegantly demonstrate the energetic and life history cost of the immune response that Drosophila melanogaster larvae induce after infection by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi. These authors show that infection-induced proliferation of defensive blood cells commands a diversion of dietary carbon away from somatic growth and development, with simple sugars instead being shunted to the hematopoetic organ for rapid conversion into the raw energy required for cell proliferation. This metabolic shift results in a 15% delay in the development of the infected larva and is mediated by adenosine signaling between the hematopoietic organ and the central metabolic control organ of the host fly. The adenosine signal thus allows D. melanogaster to rapidly marshal the energy needed for effective defense and to pay the cost of immunity only when infected. Public Library of Science 2015-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4411026/ /pubmed/25915419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002136 Text en © 2015 Brian P. Lazzaro http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Primer
Lazzaro, Brian P.
Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity
title Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity
title_full Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity
title_fullStr Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity
title_short Adenosine Signaling and the Energetic Costs of Induced Immunity
title_sort adenosine signaling and the energetic costs of induced immunity
topic Primer
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25915419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002136
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