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On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence
Adolescence is a period in which brain structures involved in motivation and cognitive control continue to develop and also a period in which many youth begin substance use. Dual-process models propose that, among substance users, implicit or automatically activated neurocognitive processes gain in...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412508/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25960940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0053-z |
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author | Wiers, Reinout W. Boelema, Sarai R. Nikolaou, Kiki Gladwin, Thomas E. |
author_facet | Wiers, Reinout W. Boelema, Sarai R. Nikolaou, Kiki Gladwin, Thomas E. |
author_sort | Wiers, Reinout W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adolescence is a period in which brain structures involved in motivation and cognitive control continue to develop and also a period in which many youth begin substance use. Dual-process models propose that, among substance users, implicit or automatically activated neurocognitive processes gain in relative influence on substance use behavior, while the influence of cognitive control or reflective processes weakens. There is evidence that a variety of implicit cognitive processes, such as attentional bias, biased action tendencies (approach bias), memory bias and at a neural level, cue reactivity, are associated with adolescent substance use. The impact of these implicit processes on the further development of addictive behaviors appears to depend on moderating factors, such as (premorbid) executive control functions. Clear negative effects of adolescent substance use on executive control functions generally have not been found using behavioral tasks, although some studies have identified subtle and specific effects on cognitive functioning. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4412508 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44125082015-05-06 On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence Wiers, Reinout W. Boelema, Sarai R. Nikolaou, Kiki Gladwin, Thomas E. Curr Addict Rep Adolescent Substance Abuse (TA Chung, Section Editor) Adolescence is a period in which brain structures involved in motivation and cognitive control continue to develop and also a period in which many youth begin substance use. Dual-process models propose that, among substance users, implicit or automatically activated neurocognitive processes gain in relative influence on substance use behavior, while the influence of cognitive control or reflective processes weakens. There is evidence that a variety of implicit cognitive processes, such as attentional bias, biased action tendencies (approach bias), memory bias and at a neural level, cue reactivity, are associated with adolescent substance use. The impact of these implicit processes on the further development of addictive behaviors appears to depend on moderating factors, such as (premorbid) executive control functions. Clear negative effects of adolescent substance use on executive control functions generally have not been found using behavioral tasks, although some studies have identified subtle and specific effects on cognitive functioning. Springer International Publishing 2015-06-01 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4412508/ /pubmed/25960940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0053-z Text en © The Author(s) 2015 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Adolescent Substance Abuse (TA Chung, Section Editor) Wiers, Reinout W. Boelema, Sarai R. Nikolaou, Kiki Gladwin, Thomas E. On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence |
title | On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence |
title_full | On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence |
title_fullStr | On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence |
title_full_unstemmed | On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence |
title_short | On the Development of Implicit and Control Processes in Relation to Substance Use in Adolescence |
title_sort | on the development of implicit and control processes in relation to substance use in adolescence |
topic | Adolescent Substance Abuse (TA Chung, Section Editor) |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412508/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25960940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0053-z |
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