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Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer

Cancer recognized as one of the leading irrepressible health issues is contributing to increasing mortality-rate day-by-day. The tumor microenvironment is an important field of cancer to understand the detection, treatment and prevention of cancer. Recently, cancer stem cell (CSC) research has shown...

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Autores principales: Kumar, Dhruv, Gupta, Dwijendra, Shankar, Sharmila, Srivastava, Rakesh K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals LLC 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25682864
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author Kumar, Dhruv
Gupta, Dwijendra
Shankar, Sharmila
Srivastava, Rakesh K.
author_facet Kumar, Dhruv
Gupta, Dwijendra
Shankar, Sharmila
Srivastava, Rakesh K.
author_sort Kumar, Dhruv
collection PubMed
description Cancer recognized as one of the leading irrepressible health issues is contributing to increasing mortality-rate day-by-day. The tumor microenvironment is an important field of cancer to understand the detection, treatment and prevention of cancer. Recently, cancer stem cell (CSC) research has shown promising results aiming towards cancer diagnostics and treatment. Here, we found that prostate and breast cancer stem cells secreted vesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes showed strong connection between autophagy and exosomes released from CSCs. Exosomes may serve as vesicles to communicate with neoplastic cells (autocrine and paracrine manner) and normal cells (paracrine and endocrine manner) and thereby suppress immune systems and regulate neoplastic growth, and metastasis. They can also be used as biomarkers for various cancers. We detected tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81), Alix and tumor susceptibility gene-101 (TSG101) of exosomal markers from rotenone treated CSCs. We have also detected the induction of autophagy genes, Atg7 and conversion of autophagy marker (LC3-I to LC3-II), and tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81) in rotenone treated CSCs by western blotting. The mRNA expression of CD9, CD63, CD81 and TSG101 analyzed by qRT-PCR showed that the rotenone induced the expression of CD9, CD63, CD81 and TSG101 in CSCs. Electron microscopy of rotenone treated CSCs showed the mitochondrial damage of CSCs as confirmed by the release of exosomes from CSCs. The constituents of exosomes may be useful to understand the mechanism of exosomes formation, release and function, and also serve as a useful biomarker and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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spelling pubmed-44136532015-05-08 Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer Kumar, Dhruv Gupta, Dwijendra Shankar, Sharmila Srivastava, Rakesh K. Oncotarget Research Paper Cancer recognized as one of the leading irrepressible health issues is contributing to increasing mortality-rate day-by-day. The tumor microenvironment is an important field of cancer to understand the detection, treatment and prevention of cancer. Recently, cancer stem cell (CSC) research has shown promising results aiming towards cancer diagnostics and treatment. Here, we found that prostate and breast cancer stem cells secreted vesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes showed strong connection between autophagy and exosomes released from CSCs. Exosomes may serve as vesicles to communicate with neoplastic cells (autocrine and paracrine manner) and normal cells (paracrine and endocrine manner) and thereby suppress immune systems and regulate neoplastic growth, and metastasis. They can also be used as biomarkers for various cancers. We detected tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81), Alix and tumor susceptibility gene-101 (TSG101) of exosomal markers from rotenone treated CSCs. We have also detected the induction of autophagy genes, Atg7 and conversion of autophagy marker (LC3-I to LC3-II), and tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81) in rotenone treated CSCs by western blotting. The mRNA expression of CD9, CD63, CD81 and TSG101 analyzed by qRT-PCR showed that the rotenone induced the expression of CD9, CD63, CD81 and TSG101 in CSCs. Electron microscopy of rotenone treated CSCs showed the mitochondrial damage of CSCs as confirmed by the release of exosomes from CSCs. The constituents of exosomes may be useful to understand the mechanism of exosomes formation, release and function, and also serve as a useful biomarker and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer. Impact Journals LLC 2014-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4413653/ /pubmed/25682864 Text en Copyright: © 2015 Kumar et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Kumar, Dhruv
Gupta, Dwijendra
Shankar, Sharmila
Srivastava, Rakesh K.
Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
title Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
title_full Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
title_fullStr Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
title_full_unstemmed Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
title_short Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
title_sort biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25682864
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