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Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies

The study of color polymorphisms (CP) has provided profound insights into the maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. We here offer the first evidence for an elaborate wing polymorphism in the Neotropical damselfly genus Polythore, which consists of 21 described species, distributed...

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Autores principales: Sánchez Herrera, Melissa, Kuhn, William R., Lorenzo-Carballa, Maria Olalla, Harding, Kathleen M., Ankrom, Nikole, Sherratt, Thomas N., Hoffmann, Joachim, Van Gossum, Hans, Ware, Jessica L., Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo, Beatty, Christopher D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414280/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923455
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125074
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author Sánchez Herrera, Melissa
Kuhn, William R.
Lorenzo-Carballa, Maria Olalla
Harding, Kathleen M.
Ankrom, Nikole
Sherratt, Thomas N.
Hoffmann, Joachim
Van Gossum, Hans
Ware, Jessica L.
Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo
Beatty, Christopher D.
author_facet Sánchez Herrera, Melissa
Kuhn, William R.
Lorenzo-Carballa, Maria Olalla
Harding, Kathleen M.
Ankrom, Nikole
Sherratt, Thomas N.
Hoffmann, Joachim
Van Gossum, Hans
Ware, Jessica L.
Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo
Beatty, Christopher D.
author_sort Sánchez Herrera, Melissa
collection PubMed
description The study of color polymorphisms (CP) has provided profound insights into the maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. We here offer the first evidence for an elaborate wing polymorphism in the Neotropical damselfly genus Polythore, which consists of 21 described species, distributed along the eastern slopes of the Andes in South America. These damselflies display highly complex wing colors and patterning, incorporating black, white, yellow, and orange in multiple wing bands. Wing colors, along with some components of the male genitalia, have been the primary characters used in species description; few other morphological traits vary within the group, and so there are few useful diagnostic characters. Previous research has indicated the possibility of a cryptic species existing in P. procera in Colombia, despite there being no significant differences in wing color and pattern between the populations of the two putative species. Here we analyze the complexity and diversity of wing color patterns of individuals from five described Polythore species in the Central Amazon Basin of Peru using a novel suite of morphological analyses to quantify wing color and pattern: geometric morphometrics, chromaticity analysis, and Gabor wavelet transformation. We then test whether these color patterns are good predictors of species by recovering the phylogenetic relationships among the 5 species using the barcode gene (COI). Our results suggest that, while highly distinct and discrete wing patterns exist in Polythore, these “wingforms” do not represent monophyletic clades in the recovered topology. The wingforms identified as P. victoria and P. ornata are both involved in a polymorphism with P. neopicta; also, cryptic speciation may have taking place among individuals with the P. victoria wingform. Only P. aurora and P. spateri represent monophyletic species with a single wingform in our molecular phylogeny. We discuss the implications of this polymorphism, and the potential evolutionary mechanisms that could maintain it.
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spelling pubmed-44142802015-05-07 Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies Sánchez Herrera, Melissa Kuhn, William R. Lorenzo-Carballa, Maria Olalla Harding, Kathleen M. Ankrom, Nikole Sherratt, Thomas N. Hoffmann, Joachim Van Gossum, Hans Ware, Jessica L. Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo Beatty, Christopher D. PLoS One Research Article The study of color polymorphisms (CP) has provided profound insights into the maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. We here offer the first evidence for an elaborate wing polymorphism in the Neotropical damselfly genus Polythore, which consists of 21 described species, distributed along the eastern slopes of the Andes in South America. These damselflies display highly complex wing colors and patterning, incorporating black, white, yellow, and orange in multiple wing bands. Wing colors, along with some components of the male genitalia, have been the primary characters used in species description; few other morphological traits vary within the group, and so there are few useful diagnostic characters. Previous research has indicated the possibility of a cryptic species existing in P. procera in Colombia, despite there being no significant differences in wing color and pattern between the populations of the two putative species. Here we analyze the complexity and diversity of wing color patterns of individuals from five described Polythore species in the Central Amazon Basin of Peru using a novel suite of morphological analyses to quantify wing color and pattern: geometric morphometrics, chromaticity analysis, and Gabor wavelet transformation. We then test whether these color patterns are good predictors of species by recovering the phylogenetic relationships among the 5 species using the barcode gene (COI). Our results suggest that, while highly distinct and discrete wing patterns exist in Polythore, these “wingforms” do not represent monophyletic clades in the recovered topology. The wingforms identified as P. victoria and P. ornata are both involved in a polymorphism with P. neopicta; also, cryptic speciation may have taking place among individuals with the P. victoria wingform. Only P. aurora and P. spateri represent monophyletic species with a single wingform in our molecular phylogeny. We discuss the implications of this polymorphism, and the potential evolutionary mechanisms that could maintain it. Public Library of Science 2015-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4414280/ /pubmed/25923455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125074 Text en © 2015 Sánchez Herrera et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sánchez Herrera, Melissa
Kuhn, William R.
Lorenzo-Carballa, Maria Olalla
Harding, Kathleen M.
Ankrom, Nikole
Sherratt, Thomas N.
Hoffmann, Joachim
Van Gossum, Hans
Ware, Jessica L.
Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo
Beatty, Christopher D.
Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies
title Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies
title_full Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies
title_fullStr Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies
title_full_unstemmed Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies
title_short Mixed Signals? Morphological and Molecular Evidence Suggest a Color Polymorphism in Some Neotropical Polythore Damselflies
title_sort mixed signals? morphological and molecular evidence suggest a color polymorphism in some neotropical polythore damselflies
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414280/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923455
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125074
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