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Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a range of infections from acute invasive to chronic and difficult-to-treat. Infection strategies associated with persisting S. aureus infections are bacterial host cell invasion and the bacterial ability to dynamically change phenotypes fr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004870 |
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author | Tuchscherr, Lorena Bischoff, Markus Lattar, Santiago M. Noto Llana, Mariangeles Pförtner, Henrike Niemann, Silke Geraci, Jennifer Van de Vyver, Hélène Fraunholz, Martin J. Cheung, Ambrose L. Herrmann, Mathias Völker, Uwe Sordelli, Daniel O. Peters, Georg Löffler, Bettina |
author_facet | Tuchscherr, Lorena Bischoff, Markus Lattar, Santiago M. Noto Llana, Mariangeles Pförtner, Henrike Niemann, Silke Geraci, Jennifer Van de Vyver, Hélène Fraunholz, Martin J. Cheung, Ambrose L. Herrmann, Mathias Völker, Uwe Sordelli, Daniel O. Peters, Georg Löffler, Bettina |
author_sort | Tuchscherr, Lorena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a range of infections from acute invasive to chronic and difficult-to-treat. Infection strategies associated with persisting S. aureus infections are bacterial host cell invasion and the bacterial ability to dynamically change phenotypes from the aggressive wild-type to small colony variants (SCVs), which are adapted for intracellular long-term persistence. The underlying mechanisms of the bacterial switching and adaptation mechanisms appear to be very dynamic, but are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role and the crosstalk of the global S. aureus regulators agr, sarA and SigB by generating single, double and triple mutants, and testing them with proteome analysis and in different in vitro and in vivo infection models. We were able to demonstrate that SigB is the crucial factor for adaptation in chronic infections. During acute infection, the bacteria require the simultaneous action of the agr and sarA loci to defend against invading immune cells by causing inflammation and cytotoxicity and to escape from phagosomes in their host cells that enable them to settle an infection at high bacterial density. To persist intracellularly the bacteria subsequently need to silence agr and sarA. Indeed agr and sarA deletion mutants expressed a much lower number of virulence factors and could persist at high numbers intracellularly. SigB plays a crucial function to promote bacterial intracellular persistence. In fact, ΔsigB-mutants did not generate SCVs and were completely cleared by the host cells within a few days. In this study we identified SigB as an essential factor that enables the bacteria to switch from the highly aggressive phenotype that settles an acute infection to a silent SCV-phenotype that allows for long-term intracellular persistence. Consequently, the SigB-operon represents a possible target to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies against chronic and therapy-refractory infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4414502 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44145022015-05-07 Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections Tuchscherr, Lorena Bischoff, Markus Lattar, Santiago M. Noto Llana, Mariangeles Pförtner, Henrike Niemann, Silke Geraci, Jennifer Van de Vyver, Hélène Fraunholz, Martin J. Cheung, Ambrose L. Herrmann, Mathias Völker, Uwe Sordelli, Daniel O. Peters, Georg Löffler, Bettina PLoS Pathog Research Article Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a range of infections from acute invasive to chronic and difficult-to-treat. Infection strategies associated with persisting S. aureus infections are bacterial host cell invasion and the bacterial ability to dynamically change phenotypes from the aggressive wild-type to small colony variants (SCVs), which are adapted for intracellular long-term persistence. The underlying mechanisms of the bacterial switching and adaptation mechanisms appear to be very dynamic, but are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role and the crosstalk of the global S. aureus regulators agr, sarA and SigB by generating single, double and triple mutants, and testing them with proteome analysis and in different in vitro and in vivo infection models. We were able to demonstrate that SigB is the crucial factor for adaptation in chronic infections. During acute infection, the bacteria require the simultaneous action of the agr and sarA loci to defend against invading immune cells by causing inflammation and cytotoxicity and to escape from phagosomes in their host cells that enable them to settle an infection at high bacterial density. To persist intracellularly the bacteria subsequently need to silence agr and sarA. Indeed agr and sarA deletion mutants expressed a much lower number of virulence factors and could persist at high numbers intracellularly. SigB plays a crucial function to promote bacterial intracellular persistence. In fact, ΔsigB-mutants did not generate SCVs and were completely cleared by the host cells within a few days. In this study we identified SigB as an essential factor that enables the bacteria to switch from the highly aggressive phenotype that settles an acute infection to a silent SCV-phenotype that allows for long-term intracellular persistence. Consequently, the SigB-operon represents a possible target to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies against chronic and therapy-refractory infections. Public Library of Science 2015-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4414502/ /pubmed/25923704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004870 Text en © 2015 Tuchscherr et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Tuchscherr, Lorena Bischoff, Markus Lattar, Santiago M. Noto Llana, Mariangeles Pförtner, Henrike Niemann, Silke Geraci, Jennifer Van de Vyver, Hélène Fraunholz, Martin J. Cheung, Ambrose L. Herrmann, Mathias Völker, Uwe Sordelli, Daniel O. Peters, Georg Löffler, Bettina Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections |
title | Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections |
title_full | Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections |
title_fullStr | Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections |
title_short | Sigma Factor SigB Is Crucial to Mediate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation during Chronic Infections |
title_sort | sigma factor sigb is crucial to mediate staphylococcus aureus adaptation during chronic infections |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004870 |
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