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Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance

As recently demonstrated, a placebo procedure in motor performance increases force production and changes the excitability of the corticospinal system, by enhancing the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) and reducing the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP). However, it is not cl...

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Autores principales: Emadi Andani, Mehran, Tinazzi, Michele, Corsi, Nicole, Fiorio, Mirta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923533
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125223
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author Emadi Andani, Mehran
Tinazzi, Michele
Corsi, Nicole
Fiorio, Mirta
author_facet Emadi Andani, Mehran
Tinazzi, Michele
Corsi, Nicole
Fiorio, Mirta
author_sort Emadi Andani, Mehran
collection PubMed
description As recently demonstrated, a placebo procedure in motor performance increases force production and changes the excitability of the corticospinal system, by enhancing the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) and reducing the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP). However, it is not clear whether these neurophysiological changes are related to the behavioural outcome (increased force) or to a general effect of expectation. To clarify this, we investigated the nocebo effect, in which the induced expectation decreases force production. Two groups of healthy volunteers (experimental and control) performed a motor task by pressing a piston with the right index finger. To induce a nocebo effect in the experimental group, low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was applied over the index finger with instructions of its detrimental effects on force. To condition the subjects, the visual feedback on their force level was surreptitiously reduced after TENS. Results showed that the experimental group reduced the force, felt weaker and expected a worse performance than the control group, who was not suggested about TENS. By applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, we found that while MEP amplitude remained stable throughout the procedure in both groups, the CSP duration was shorter in the experimental group after the nocebo procedure. The CSP reduction resembled previous findings on the placebo effect, suggesting that expectation of change in performance diminishes the inhibitory activation of the primary motor cortex, independently of the behavioural outcome.
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spelling pubmed-44146182015-05-07 Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance Emadi Andani, Mehran Tinazzi, Michele Corsi, Nicole Fiorio, Mirta PLoS One Research Article As recently demonstrated, a placebo procedure in motor performance increases force production and changes the excitability of the corticospinal system, by enhancing the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) and reducing the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP). However, it is not clear whether these neurophysiological changes are related to the behavioural outcome (increased force) or to a general effect of expectation. To clarify this, we investigated the nocebo effect, in which the induced expectation decreases force production. Two groups of healthy volunteers (experimental and control) performed a motor task by pressing a piston with the right index finger. To induce a nocebo effect in the experimental group, low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was applied over the index finger with instructions of its detrimental effects on force. To condition the subjects, the visual feedback on their force level was surreptitiously reduced after TENS. Results showed that the experimental group reduced the force, felt weaker and expected a worse performance than the control group, who was not suggested about TENS. By applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, we found that while MEP amplitude remained stable throughout the procedure in both groups, the CSP duration was shorter in the experimental group after the nocebo procedure. The CSP reduction resembled previous findings on the placebo effect, suggesting that expectation of change in performance diminishes the inhibitory activation of the primary motor cortex, independently of the behavioural outcome. Public Library of Science 2015-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4414618/ /pubmed/25923533 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125223 Text en © 2015 Emadi Andani et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Emadi Andani, Mehran
Tinazzi, Michele
Corsi, Nicole
Fiorio, Mirta
Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance
title Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance
title_full Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance
title_fullStr Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance
title_short Modulation of Inhibitory Corticospinal Circuits Induced by a Nocebo Procedure in Motor Performance
title_sort modulation of inhibitory corticospinal circuits induced by a nocebo procedure in motor performance
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923533
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125223
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