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Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains
Dinoflagellates are microscopic aquatic eukaryotes with huge genomes and an unusual cell regulation. For example, most genes are present in numerous copies and all copies seem to be obligatorily transcribed. The consequence of the gene copy number (CPN) for final protein synthesis is, however, not c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4416454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983733 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00404 |
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author | Stüken, Anke Riobó, Pilar Franco, José Jakobsen, Kjetill S. Guillou, Laure Figueroa, Rosa I. |
author_facet | Stüken, Anke Riobó, Pilar Franco, José Jakobsen, Kjetill S. Guillou, Laure Figueroa, Rosa I. |
author_sort | Stüken, Anke |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dinoflagellates are microscopic aquatic eukaryotes with huge genomes and an unusual cell regulation. For example, most genes are present in numerous copies and all copies seem to be obligatorily transcribed. The consequence of the gene copy number (CPN) for final protein synthesis is, however, not clear. One such gene is sxtA, the starting gene of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) synthesis. PSTs are small neurotoxic compounds that can accumulate in the food chain and cause serious poisoning incidences when ingested. They are produced by dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodium, and Pyrodinium. Here we investigated if the genomic CPN of sxtA4 is related to PST content in Alexandrium minutum cells. SxtA4 is the 4th domain of the sxtA gene and its presence is essential for PST synthesis in dinoflagellates. We used PST and genome size measurements as well as quantitative PCR to analyze sxtA4 CPN and toxin content in 15 A. minutum strains. Our results show a strong positive correlation between the sxtA4 CPN and the total amount of PST produced in actively growing A. minutum cells. This correlation was independent of the toxin profile produced, as long as the strain contained the genomic domains sxtA1 and sxtA4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4416454 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44164542015-05-15 Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains Stüken, Anke Riobó, Pilar Franco, José Jakobsen, Kjetill S. Guillou, Laure Figueroa, Rosa I. Front Microbiol Microbiology Dinoflagellates are microscopic aquatic eukaryotes with huge genomes and an unusual cell regulation. For example, most genes are present in numerous copies and all copies seem to be obligatorily transcribed. The consequence of the gene copy number (CPN) for final protein synthesis is, however, not clear. One such gene is sxtA, the starting gene of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) synthesis. PSTs are small neurotoxic compounds that can accumulate in the food chain and cause serious poisoning incidences when ingested. They are produced by dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodium, and Pyrodinium. Here we investigated if the genomic CPN of sxtA4 is related to PST content in Alexandrium minutum cells. SxtA4 is the 4th domain of the sxtA gene and its presence is essential for PST synthesis in dinoflagellates. We used PST and genome size measurements as well as quantitative PCR to analyze sxtA4 CPN and toxin content in 15 A. minutum strains. Our results show a strong positive correlation between the sxtA4 CPN and the total amount of PST produced in actively growing A. minutum cells. This correlation was independent of the toxin profile produced, as long as the strain contained the genomic domains sxtA1 and sxtA4. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4416454/ /pubmed/25983733 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00404 Text en Copyright © 2015 Stüken, Riobó, Franco, Jakobsen, Guillou and Figueroa. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Stüken, Anke Riobó, Pilar Franco, José Jakobsen, Kjetill S. Guillou, Laure Figueroa, Rosa I. Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains |
title | Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains |
title_full | Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains |
title_fullStr | Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains |
title_full_unstemmed | Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains |
title_short | Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains |
title_sort | paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxta4 copy number in alexandrium minutum strains |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4416454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983733 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00404 |
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