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Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States

BACKGROUND: Most health effects studies of ozone and temperature have been performed in urban areas, due to the available monitoring data. We used observed and interpolated data to examine temperature, ozone, and mortality in 91 urban and non-urban counties. METHODS: Ozone measurements were extracte...

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Autores principales: Madrigano, Jaime, Jack, Darby, Anderson, G Brooke, Bell, Michelle L, Kinney, Patrick L
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567355
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-14-3
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author Madrigano, Jaime
Jack, Darby
Anderson, G Brooke
Bell, Michelle L
Kinney, Patrick L
author_facet Madrigano, Jaime
Jack, Darby
Anderson, G Brooke
Bell, Michelle L
Kinney, Patrick L
author_sort Madrigano, Jaime
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Most health effects studies of ozone and temperature have been performed in urban areas, due to the available monitoring data. We used observed and interpolated data to examine temperature, ozone, and mortality in 91 urban and non-urban counties. METHODS: Ozone measurements were extracted from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System. Meteorological data were supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Observed data were spatially interpolated to county centroids. Daily internal-cause mortality counts were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (1988–1999). A two-stage Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate each county’s increase in mortality risk from temperature and ozone. We examined county-level associations according to population density and compared urban (≥1,000 persons/mile(2)) to non-urban (<1,000 persons/mile(2)) counties. Finally, we examined county-level characteristics that could explain variation in associations by county. RESULTS: A 10 ppb increase in ozone was associated with a 0.45% increase in mortality (95% PI: 0.08, 0.83) in urban counties, while this same increase in ozone was associated with a 0.73% increase (95% PI: 0.19, 1.26) in non-urban counties. An increase in temperature from 70°F to 90°F (21.2°C 32.2°C) was associated with a 8.88% increase in mortality (95% PI: 7.38, 10.41) in urban counties and a 8.08% increase (95% PI: 6.16, 10.05) in non-urban counties. County characteristics, such as population density, percentage of families living in poverty, and percentage of elderly residents, partially explained the variation in county-level associations. CONCLUSIONS: While most prior studies of ozone and temperature have been performed in urban areas, the impacts in non-urban areas are significant, and, for ozone, potentially greater. The health risks of increasing temperature and air pollution brought on by climate change are not limited to urban areas. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-069X-14-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-44172332015-05-03 Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States Madrigano, Jaime Jack, Darby Anderson, G Brooke Bell, Michelle L Kinney, Patrick L Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Most health effects studies of ozone and temperature have been performed in urban areas, due to the available monitoring data. We used observed and interpolated data to examine temperature, ozone, and mortality in 91 urban and non-urban counties. METHODS: Ozone measurements were extracted from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System. Meteorological data were supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Observed data were spatially interpolated to county centroids. Daily internal-cause mortality counts were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (1988–1999). A two-stage Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate each county’s increase in mortality risk from temperature and ozone. We examined county-level associations according to population density and compared urban (≥1,000 persons/mile(2)) to non-urban (<1,000 persons/mile(2)) counties. Finally, we examined county-level characteristics that could explain variation in associations by county. RESULTS: A 10 ppb increase in ozone was associated with a 0.45% increase in mortality (95% PI: 0.08, 0.83) in urban counties, while this same increase in ozone was associated with a 0.73% increase (95% PI: 0.19, 1.26) in non-urban counties. An increase in temperature from 70°F to 90°F (21.2°C 32.2°C) was associated with a 8.88% increase in mortality (95% PI: 7.38, 10.41) in urban counties and a 8.08% increase (95% PI: 6.16, 10.05) in non-urban counties. County characteristics, such as population density, percentage of families living in poverty, and percentage of elderly residents, partially explained the variation in county-level associations. CONCLUSIONS: While most prior studies of ozone and temperature have been performed in urban areas, the impacts in non-urban areas are significant, and, for ozone, potentially greater. The health risks of increasing temperature and air pollution brought on by climate change are not limited to urban areas. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-069X-14-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4417233/ /pubmed/25567355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-14-3 Text en © Madrigano et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Madrigano, Jaime
Jack, Darby
Anderson, G Brooke
Bell, Michelle L
Kinney, Patrick L
Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States
title Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States
title_full Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States
title_fullStr Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States
title_full_unstemmed Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States
title_short Temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern United States
title_sort temperature, ozone, and mortality in urban and non-urban counties in the northeastern united states
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567355
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-14-3
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