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Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites
Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a distinct clinicopathological entity first described in the lung. It represents approximately 15% of all bronchogenic carcinoma. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSmCC) morphologically indistinguishable from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was first reported in 193...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417281/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2162-3619-4-2 |
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author | Zheng, Xiaoyong Liu, Delong Fallon, John T Zhong, Minghao |
author_facet | Zheng, Xiaoyong Liu, Delong Fallon, John T Zhong, Minghao |
author_sort | Zheng, Xiaoyong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a distinct clinicopathological entity first described in the lung. It represents approximately 15% of all bronchogenic carcinoma. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSmCC) morphologically indistinguishable from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was first reported in 1930. Since its first description, EPSmCC has been reported in virtually all anatomical sites, including: gynecologic organs (ovary and cervix); genitourinary organs (urinary bladder and prostate); the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus); skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) and head and neck region. Regardless of the anatomic sites, all SmCCs have similar, if not identical, histo-pathology features and immunohistochemical profile. SmCC is one of the most aggressive malignancies. The molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain poorly understood. Herein, we reviewed the literature in SmCC in respect to its site of occurrence, clinical features, immunohistochemical characteristics. SmCCs have heterogeneous molecular mutations. Dinstinct genetic alterations associated with SmCC from different body sites were reviewed. Some genetic alterations such as RB1, TP53 are commonly seen in different origins of SmCC. Other genes with site specificity were also summarized, such as bladder SmCC with TERT promoter mutations; prostate SmCC with ERG translocations; ovarian SmCC with SMARCA4 mutations; Merkel cell carcinoma (skin) and cervical SmCC with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Further studies are needed to employ a genetically oriented approach for the diagnosis and therapy of SmCC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4417281 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44172812015-05-03 Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites Zheng, Xiaoyong Liu, Delong Fallon, John T Zhong, Minghao Exp Hematol Oncol Review Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a distinct clinicopathological entity first described in the lung. It represents approximately 15% of all bronchogenic carcinoma. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSmCC) morphologically indistinguishable from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was first reported in 1930. Since its first description, EPSmCC has been reported in virtually all anatomical sites, including: gynecologic organs (ovary and cervix); genitourinary organs (urinary bladder and prostate); the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus); skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) and head and neck region. Regardless of the anatomic sites, all SmCCs have similar, if not identical, histo-pathology features and immunohistochemical profile. SmCC is one of the most aggressive malignancies. The molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain poorly understood. Herein, we reviewed the literature in SmCC in respect to its site of occurrence, clinical features, immunohistochemical characteristics. SmCCs have heterogeneous molecular mutations. Dinstinct genetic alterations associated with SmCC from different body sites were reviewed. Some genetic alterations such as RB1, TP53 are commonly seen in different origins of SmCC. Other genes with site specificity were also summarized, such as bladder SmCC with TERT promoter mutations; prostate SmCC with ERG translocations; ovarian SmCC with SMARCA4 mutations; Merkel cell carcinoma (skin) and cervical SmCC with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Further studies are needed to employ a genetically oriented approach for the diagnosis and therapy of SmCC. BioMed Central 2015-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4417281/ /pubmed/25937998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2162-3619-4-2 Text en © Zheng et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Zheng, Xiaoyong Liu, Delong Fallon, John T Zhong, Minghao Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
title | Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
title_full | Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
title_fullStr | Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
title_full_unstemmed | Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
title_short | Distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
title_sort | distinct genetic alterations in small cell carcinoma from different anatomic sites |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417281/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2162-3619-4-2 |
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