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Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans
BACKGROUND: Humoral and cellular immune responses play protective roles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. However, hookworm infection decreases the immune response to hookworm and bystander antigens. Currently, immune responses to co-infection of MTB and hookworm are still unknown,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423492/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25954506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0046-0 |
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author | Li, Xin-Xu Chen, Jia-Xu Wang, Li-Xia Sun, Jun Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Jun-Hu Zhang, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Xiao-Nong |
author_facet | Li, Xin-Xu Chen, Jia-Xu Wang, Li-Xia Sun, Jun Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Jun-Hu Zhang, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Xiao-Nong |
author_sort | Li, Xin-Xu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Humoral and cellular immune responses play protective roles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. However, hookworm infection decreases the immune response to hookworm and bystander antigens. Currently, immune responses to co-infection of MTB and hookworm are still unknown, although co-infection has been one of the public health problems in co-endemic areas of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and hookworm disease. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate B and T cell immune responses to the co-infection. METHODS: Seventeen PTB cases co-infected with hookworm, 26 PTB cases, 15 patients with hookworm infection, and 24 healthy controls without PTB or hookworm infection were enrolled in the study. Expressions of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD25, CD27, CD38, FoxP3, and PD-1 were assessed on B and T cell subsets using multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS: For the B cell (CD19(+)) subsets, naïve B cells (CD10(−)CD27(−)CD21(+)CD20(+)), plasma cells (CD10(−)CD27(+)CD21(−)CD20(−)), and tissue-like memory B cells (CD10(−)CD27(−)CD21(−)CD20(+)) had higher proportions, whilst resting memory B cells (CD10(−)CD27(+)CD21(+)CD20(+)) had lower proportions in the group co-infected with MTB and hookworm as compared to other groups. Frequencies of activated memory B cells (CD10(−)CD27(+)CD21(−)CD20(+)) did not differ among the four groups. For the T cell (CD3(+)) subsets, frequencies of regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)) and exhausted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (CD4(+)PD-1(+) and CD8(+)PD-1(+)) were higher, and frequencies of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (CD4(+)CD38(+) and CD8(+)CD38(+)) were lower in the co-infected group as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The change patterns of the cell profile of circulating lymphocytes were indentified in human co-infection of MTB and hookworm, which might indicate that the humoral and cellular immune responses are more suppressed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0046-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4423492 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44234922015-05-08 Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans Li, Xin-Xu Chen, Jia-Xu Wang, Li-Xia Sun, Jun Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Jun-Hu Zhang, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Xiao-Nong Infect Dis Poverty Research Article BACKGROUND: Humoral and cellular immune responses play protective roles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. However, hookworm infection decreases the immune response to hookworm and bystander antigens. Currently, immune responses to co-infection of MTB and hookworm are still unknown, although co-infection has been one of the public health problems in co-endemic areas of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and hookworm disease. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate B and T cell immune responses to the co-infection. METHODS: Seventeen PTB cases co-infected with hookworm, 26 PTB cases, 15 patients with hookworm infection, and 24 healthy controls without PTB or hookworm infection were enrolled in the study. Expressions of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD25, CD27, CD38, FoxP3, and PD-1 were assessed on B and T cell subsets using multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS: For the B cell (CD19(+)) subsets, naïve B cells (CD10(−)CD27(−)CD21(+)CD20(+)), plasma cells (CD10(−)CD27(+)CD21(−)CD20(−)), and tissue-like memory B cells (CD10(−)CD27(−)CD21(−)CD20(+)) had higher proportions, whilst resting memory B cells (CD10(−)CD27(+)CD21(+)CD20(+)) had lower proportions in the group co-infected with MTB and hookworm as compared to other groups. Frequencies of activated memory B cells (CD10(−)CD27(+)CD21(−)CD20(+)) did not differ among the four groups. For the T cell (CD3(+)) subsets, frequencies of regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)) and exhausted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (CD4(+)PD-1(+) and CD8(+)PD-1(+)) were higher, and frequencies of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (CD4(+)CD38(+) and CD8(+)CD38(+)) were lower in the co-infected group as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The change patterns of the cell profile of circulating lymphocytes were indentified in human co-infection of MTB and hookworm, which might indicate that the humoral and cellular immune responses are more suppressed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0046-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4423492/ /pubmed/25954506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0046-0 Text en © Li et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Li, Xin-Xu Chen, Jia-Xu Wang, Li-Xia Sun, Jun Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Jun-Hu Zhang, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Xiao-Nong Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
title | Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
title_full | Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
title_fullStr | Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
title_full_unstemmed | Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
title_short | Profiling B and T cell immune responses to co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
title_sort | profiling b and t cell immune responses to co-infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm in humans |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423492/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25954506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0046-0 |
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