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Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents

A universal vaccination program among preadolescents was implemented in Catalonia, Spain, during the period of 1999–2013 and its effectiveness has been clearly demonstrated by an overall significant attack rate reduction. However, reductions were not constant over time, and increases were again obse...

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Autores principales: D’Andrea, Lucía, Pérez-Rodríguez, Francisco J., de Castellarnau, Montserrat, Manzanares, Sandra, Lite, Josep, Guix, Susana, Bosch, Albert, Pintó, Rosa M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424991/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25815599
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16046842
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author D’Andrea, Lucía
Pérez-Rodríguez, Francisco J.
de Castellarnau, Montserrat
Manzanares, Sandra
Lite, Josep
Guix, Susana
Bosch, Albert
Pintó, Rosa M.
author_facet D’Andrea, Lucía
Pérez-Rodríguez, Francisco J.
de Castellarnau, Montserrat
Manzanares, Sandra
Lite, Josep
Guix, Susana
Bosch, Albert
Pintó, Rosa M.
author_sort D’Andrea, Lucía
collection PubMed
description A universal vaccination program among preadolescents was implemented in Catalonia, Spain, during the period of 1999–2013 and its effectiveness has been clearly demonstrated by an overall significant attack rate reduction. However, reductions were not constant over time, and increases were again observed in 2002–2009 due to the occurrence of huge outbreaks. In the following years, in the absence of large outbreaks, the attack rate decreased again to very low levels. However, an increase of symptomatic cases in the <5 age group has recently been observed. This is an unexpected observation since children younger than 6 are mostly asymptomatic. Such a long vaccination campaign offers the opportunity to analyze not only the effectiveness of vaccination, but also the influence of the circulating genotypes on the incidence of hepatitis A among the different age groups. This study has revealed the emergence of genotype IC during a foodborne outbreak, the short-lived circulation of vaccine-escape variants isolated during an outbreak among the men-having-sex-with-men group, and the association of genotype IIIA with the increase of symptomatic cases among the very young. From a public health perspective, two conclusions may be drawn: vaccination is better at an early age, and the vaccination schedule must be complete and include all recommended vaccine doses.
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spelling pubmed-44249912015-05-20 Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents D’Andrea, Lucía Pérez-Rodríguez, Francisco J. de Castellarnau, Montserrat Manzanares, Sandra Lite, Josep Guix, Susana Bosch, Albert Pintó, Rosa M. Int J Mol Sci Article A universal vaccination program among preadolescents was implemented in Catalonia, Spain, during the period of 1999–2013 and its effectiveness has been clearly demonstrated by an overall significant attack rate reduction. However, reductions were not constant over time, and increases were again observed in 2002–2009 due to the occurrence of huge outbreaks. In the following years, in the absence of large outbreaks, the attack rate decreased again to very low levels. However, an increase of symptomatic cases in the <5 age group has recently been observed. This is an unexpected observation since children younger than 6 are mostly asymptomatic. Such a long vaccination campaign offers the opportunity to analyze not only the effectiveness of vaccination, but also the influence of the circulating genotypes on the incidence of hepatitis A among the different age groups. This study has revealed the emergence of genotype IC during a foodborne outbreak, the short-lived circulation of vaccine-escape variants isolated during an outbreak among the men-having-sex-with-men group, and the association of genotype IIIA with the increase of symptomatic cases among the very young. From a public health perspective, two conclusions may be drawn: vaccination is better at an early age, and the vaccination schedule must be complete and include all recommended vaccine doses. MDPI 2015-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4424991/ /pubmed/25815599 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16046842 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
D’Andrea, Lucía
Pérez-Rodríguez, Francisco J.
de Castellarnau, Montserrat
Manzanares, Sandra
Lite, Josep
Guix, Susana
Bosch, Albert
Pintó, Rosa M.
Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents
title Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents
title_full Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents
title_fullStr Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents
title_short Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents
title_sort hepatitis a virus genotype distribution during a decade of universal vaccination of preadolescents
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424991/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25815599
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16046842
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