The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes
BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced DNA damage is the major environmental factor underlying skin cancer development. p21, a p53-inducible protein, plays a key role in the cellular response to UVB-induced DNA damage. MATERI...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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International Scientific Literature, Inc.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25925725 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.893608 |
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author | Chen, Aijun Huang, Xin Xue, Zhenan Cao, Di Huang, Kun Chen, Jin Pan, Yun Gao, Yongliang |
author_facet | Chen, Aijun Huang, Xin Xue, Zhenan Cao, Di Huang, Kun Chen, Jin Pan, Yun Gao, Yongliang |
author_sort | Chen, Aijun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced DNA damage is the major environmental factor underlying skin cancer development. p21, a p53-inducible protein, plays a key role in the cellular response to UVB-induced DNA damage. MATERIAL/METHODS: Through p21 silencing and overexpression, we investigated the role of p21 in apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. RESULTS: We found that UVB exposure induced significant p21 downregulation (p<0.05) and was associated with significantly increased apoptosis, significantly decreased proliferation, and significantly increased G2 phase arrest (p<0.05) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. p21 silencing significantly promoted apoptosis, significantly inhibited G2 phase arrest, and significantly inhibited proliferation (p<0.05), but after UVB irradiation, p21 silencing demonstrated a less significant pro-apoptotic effect and a more significant inhibition of G2 phase arrest (p<0.05), which was reflected in significantly higher proliferative activity (p<0.05). p21 overexpression acted in an anti-apoptotic manner in the absence of UVB-induced DNA damage but acted in a pro-apoptotic manner in the presence of UVB-induced DNA damage, displaying an “antagonistic duality” similar to other growth-promoting oncoproteins. p53 expression mirrored p21 expression, suggesting a regulatory feedback mechanism between p21 and p53 expression. p21 overexpression significantly downregulated glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity (p<0.05) while significantly upregulating hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (p<0.05), suggesting a role in decreasing antioxidant defense capabilities in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that p21 may play a key role in HaCaT keratinocytes’ response to UVB exposure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4427023 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | International Scientific Literature, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44270232015-05-14 The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes Chen, Aijun Huang, Xin Xue, Zhenan Cao, Di Huang, Kun Chen, Jin Pan, Yun Gao, Yongliang Med Sci Monit Basic Res Human Study BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced DNA damage is the major environmental factor underlying skin cancer development. p21, a p53-inducible protein, plays a key role in the cellular response to UVB-induced DNA damage. MATERIAL/METHODS: Through p21 silencing and overexpression, we investigated the role of p21 in apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. RESULTS: We found that UVB exposure induced significant p21 downregulation (p<0.05) and was associated with significantly increased apoptosis, significantly decreased proliferation, and significantly increased G2 phase arrest (p<0.05) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. p21 silencing significantly promoted apoptosis, significantly inhibited G2 phase arrest, and significantly inhibited proliferation (p<0.05), but after UVB irradiation, p21 silencing demonstrated a less significant pro-apoptotic effect and a more significant inhibition of G2 phase arrest (p<0.05), which was reflected in significantly higher proliferative activity (p<0.05). p21 overexpression acted in an anti-apoptotic manner in the absence of UVB-induced DNA damage but acted in a pro-apoptotic manner in the presence of UVB-induced DNA damage, displaying an “antagonistic duality” similar to other growth-promoting oncoproteins. p53 expression mirrored p21 expression, suggesting a regulatory feedback mechanism between p21 and p53 expression. p21 overexpression significantly downregulated glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity (p<0.05) while significantly upregulating hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (p<0.05), suggesting a role in decreasing antioxidant defense capabilities in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that p21 may play a key role in HaCaT keratinocytes’ response to UVB exposure. International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2015-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4427023/ /pubmed/25925725 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.893608 Text en © Med Sci Monit, 2015 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License |
spellingShingle | Human Study Chen, Aijun Huang, Xin Xue, Zhenan Cao, Di Huang, Kun Chen, Jin Pan, Yun Gao, Yongliang The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes |
title | The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes |
title_full | The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes |
title_fullStr | The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes |
title_short | The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes |
title_sort | role of p21 in apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and antioxidant activity in uvb-irradiated human hacat keratinocytes |
topic | Human Study |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25925725 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.893608 |
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