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Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy
We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21–35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DN...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4430215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124282 |
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author | Inskip, Sarah A. Taylor, G. Michael Zakrzewski, Sonia R. Mays, Simon A. Pike, Alistair W. G. Llewellyn, Gareth Williams, Christopher M. Lee, Oona Y-C Wu, Houdini H. T. Minnikin, David E. Besra, Gurdyal S. Stewart, Graham R. |
author_facet | Inskip, Sarah A. Taylor, G. Michael Zakrzewski, Sonia R. Mays, Simon A. Pike, Alistair W. G. Llewellyn, Gareth Williams, Christopher M. Lee, Oona Y-C Wu, Houdini H. T. Minnikin, David E. Besra, Gurdyal S. Stewart, Graham R. |
author_sort | Inskip, Sarah A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21–35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. This potentially sheds light on the origins of the strain in Britain and its subsequent spread to other parts of the world, including the Americas where the 3I lineage of M. leprae is still found in some southern states of America. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4430215 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44302152015-05-21 Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy Inskip, Sarah A. Taylor, G. Michael Zakrzewski, Sonia R. Mays, Simon A. Pike, Alistair W. G. Llewellyn, Gareth Williams, Christopher M. Lee, Oona Y-C Wu, Houdini H. T. Minnikin, David E. Besra, Gurdyal S. Stewart, Graham R. PLoS One Research Article We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21–35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. This potentially sheds light on the origins of the strain in Britain and its subsequent spread to other parts of the world, including the Americas where the 3I lineage of M. leprae is still found in some southern states of America. Public Library of Science 2015-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4430215/ /pubmed/25970602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124282 Text en © 2015 Inskip et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Inskip, Sarah A. Taylor, G. Michael Zakrzewski, Sonia R. Mays, Simon A. Pike, Alistair W. G. Llewellyn, Gareth Williams, Christopher M. Lee, Oona Y-C Wu, Houdini H. T. Minnikin, David E. Besra, Gurdyal S. Stewart, Graham R. Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy |
title | Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy |
title_full | Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy |
title_fullStr | Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy |
title_full_unstemmed | Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy |
title_short | Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy |
title_sort | osteological, biomolecular and geochemical examination of an early anglo-saxon case of lepromatous leprosy |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4430215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124282 |
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