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Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF
One of the main challenges in intelligent vehicles concerns pedestrian detection for driving assistance. Recent experiments have showed that state-of-the-art descriptors provide better performances on the far-infrared (FIR) spectrum than on the visible one, even in daytime conditions, for pedestrian...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4431237/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25871724 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150408570 |
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author | Besbes, Bassem Rogozan, Alexandrina Rus, Adela-Maria Bensrhair, Abdelaziz Broggi, Alberto |
author_facet | Besbes, Bassem Rogozan, Alexandrina Rus, Adela-Maria Bensrhair, Abdelaziz Broggi, Alberto |
author_sort | Besbes, Bassem |
collection | PubMed |
description | One of the main challenges in intelligent vehicles concerns pedestrian detection for driving assistance. Recent experiments have showed that state-of-the-art descriptors provide better performances on the far-infrared (FIR) spectrum than on the visible one, even in daytime conditions, for pedestrian classification. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detector with on-board FIR camera. Our main contribution is the exploitation of the specific characteristics of FIR images to design a fast, scale-invariant and robust pedestrian detector. Our system consists of three modules, each based on speeded-up robust feature (SURF) matching. The first module allows generating regions-of-interest (ROI), since in FIR images of the pedestrian shapes may vary in large scales, but heads appear usually as light regions. ROI are detected with a high recall rate with the hierarchical codebook of SURF features located in head regions. The second module consists of pedestrian full-body classification by using SVM. This module allows one to enhance the precision with low computational cost. In the third module, we combine the mean shift algorithm with inter-frame scale-invariant SURF feature tracking to enhance the robustness of our system. The experimental evaluation shows that our system outperforms, in the FIR domain, the state-of-the-art Haar-like Adaboost-cascade, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG)/linear SVM (linSVM) and MultiFtrpedestrian detectors, trained on the FIR images. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4431237 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44312372015-05-19 Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF Besbes, Bassem Rogozan, Alexandrina Rus, Adela-Maria Bensrhair, Abdelaziz Broggi, Alberto Sensors (Basel) Article One of the main challenges in intelligent vehicles concerns pedestrian detection for driving assistance. Recent experiments have showed that state-of-the-art descriptors provide better performances on the far-infrared (FIR) spectrum than on the visible one, even in daytime conditions, for pedestrian classification. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detector with on-board FIR camera. Our main contribution is the exploitation of the specific characteristics of FIR images to design a fast, scale-invariant and robust pedestrian detector. Our system consists of three modules, each based on speeded-up robust feature (SURF) matching. The first module allows generating regions-of-interest (ROI), since in FIR images of the pedestrian shapes may vary in large scales, but heads appear usually as light regions. ROI are detected with a high recall rate with the hierarchical codebook of SURF features located in head regions. The second module consists of pedestrian full-body classification by using SVM. This module allows one to enhance the precision with low computational cost. In the third module, we combine the mean shift algorithm with inter-frame scale-invariant SURF feature tracking to enhance the robustness of our system. The experimental evaluation shows that our system outperforms, in the FIR domain, the state-of-the-art Haar-like Adaboost-cascade, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG)/linear SVM (linSVM) and MultiFtrpedestrian detectors, trained on the FIR images. MDPI 2015-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4431237/ /pubmed/25871724 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150408570 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Besbes, Bassem Rogozan, Alexandrina Rus, Adela-Maria Bensrhair, Abdelaziz Broggi, Alberto Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF |
title | Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF |
title_full | Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF |
title_fullStr | Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF |
title_full_unstemmed | Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF |
title_short | Pedestrian Detection in Far-Infrared Daytime Images Using a Hierarchical Codebook of SURF |
title_sort | pedestrian detection in far-infrared daytime images using a hierarchical codebook of surf |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4431237/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25871724 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150408570 |
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