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Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke

Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults. Motor deficit is the most common impairment after stroke. Especially, deficits in fine motor skills impair numerous activities of daily life. Re-acquisition of motor skills resulting in improved or more accurate motor performance is paramount t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wessel, Maximilian J., Zimerman, Máximo, Hummel, Friedhelm C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00265
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author Wessel, Maximilian J.
Zimerman, Máximo
Hummel, Friedhelm C.
author_facet Wessel, Maximilian J.
Zimerman, Máximo
Hummel, Friedhelm C.
author_sort Wessel, Maximilian J.
collection PubMed
description Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults. Motor deficit is the most common impairment after stroke. Especially, deficits in fine motor skills impair numerous activities of daily life. Re-acquisition of motor skills resulting in improved or more accurate motor performance is paramount to regain function, and is the basis of behavioral motor therapy after stroke. Within the past years, there has been a rapid technological and methodological development in neuroimaging leading to a significant progress in the understanding of the neural substrates that underlie motor skill acquisition and functional recovery in stroke patients. Based on this and the development of novel non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, new adjuvant interventional approaches that augment the response to behavioral training have been proposed. Transcranial direct current, transcranial magnetic, and paired associative (PAS) stimulation are NIBS techniques that can modulate cortical excitability, neuronal plasticity and interact with learning and memory in both healthy individuals and stroke patients. These techniques can enhance the effect of practice and facilitate the retention of tasks that mimic daily life activities. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of neuroplastic phenomena in the motor system during learning of a motor skill, recovery after brain injury, and of interventional strategies to enhance the beneficial effects of customarily used neurorehabilitation after stroke.
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spelling pubmed-44326682015-05-29 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke Wessel, Maximilian J. Zimerman, Máximo Hummel, Friedhelm C. Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults. Motor deficit is the most common impairment after stroke. Especially, deficits in fine motor skills impair numerous activities of daily life. Re-acquisition of motor skills resulting in improved or more accurate motor performance is paramount to regain function, and is the basis of behavioral motor therapy after stroke. Within the past years, there has been a rapid technological and methodological development in neuroimaging leading to a significant progress in the understanding of the neural substrates that underlie motor skill acquisition and functional recovery in stroke patients. Based on this and the development of novel non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, new adjuvant interventional approaches that augment the response to behavioral training have been proposed. Transcranial direct current, transcranial magnetic, and paired associative (PAS) stimulation are NIBS techniques that can modulate cortical excitability, neuronal plasticity and interact with learning and memory in both healthy individuals and stroke patients. These techniques can enhance the effect of practice and facilitate the retention of tasks that mimic daily life activities. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of neuroplastic phenomena in the motor system during learning of a motor skill, recovery after brain injury, and of interventional strategies to enhance the beneficial effects of customarily used neurorehabilitation after stroke. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4432668/ /pubmed/26029083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00265 Text en Copyright © 2015 Wessel, Zimerman and Hummel. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Wessel, Maximilian J.
Zimerman, Máximo
Hummel, Friedhelm C.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke
title Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke
title_full Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke
title_fullStr Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke
title_full_unstemmed Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke
title_short Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: An Interventional Tool for Enhancing Behavioral Training after Stroke
title_sort non-invasive brain stimulation: an interventional tool for enhancing behavioral training after stroke
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00265
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