Coronary artery bypass grafting in young patients - insights into a distinct entity

OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the ‘Gold Standard’ for patients with multiple vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Younger patients presenting with coronary artery disease requiring surgery may represent a distinct subgroup with the main goal for coronary revascularization being long term patency of the performed grafts to improve outcome. METHODS: Between January 2010 and August 2013, 126 patients below the age of 50 years underwent CABG for CAD in our hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the perioperative data and evaluated patients’ outcome. RESULTS: In 25% of the patients CABG was performed as an emergency procedure for STEMI or NSTEMI within 36 hours. Another 27% of the patients were operated urgently for unstable angina or myocardial infarction within the last weeks and only 48% of the patients were purely elective cases. We performed only venous bypass grafts in 12%, total arterial revascularisation in 52% of all cases and combined venous and arterial revascularization in 43%. Six patients needed cardiac support using an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (Mortality n = 1 out of 6) and 17 patients received an intraaortic ballon pump perioperativly. Patients received 2.8 ± 1 bypass grafts overall. Overall in-hospital mortality in this cohort was low with 1% (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the majority of the young patients below the age of 50 years present urgently for operative revascularization. Besides the potential advances regarding long term patency using total arterial revascularization, only about half of the young patients are feasible for this approach. Overall early outcome in this group is excellent with mortality below one percent.