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Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a widespread infectious agent commonly found in mammalian and avian species. In humans, IAV is a respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal infections associated with significant morbidity in young and elderly populations, and has a large economic impact. Moreover, IAV has...

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Autores principales: Graham, Amy C., Temple, Rachel M., Obar, Joshua J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4435071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00238
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author Graham, Amy C.
Temple, Rachel M.
Obar, Joshua J.
author_facet Graham, Amy C.
Temple, Rachel M.
Obar, Joshua J.
author_sort Graham, Amy C.
collection PubMed
description Influenza A virus (IAV) is a widespread infectious agent commonly found in mammalian and avian species. In humans, IAV is a respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal infections associated with significant morbidity in young and elderly populations, and has a large economic impact. Moreover, IAV has the potential to cause both zoonotic spillover infection and global pandemics, which have significantly greater morbidity and mortality across all ages. The pathology associated with these pandemic and spillover infections appear to be the result of an excessive inflammatory response leading to severe lung damage, which likely predisposes the lungs for secondary bacterial infections. The lung is protected from pathogens by alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, tissue resident alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. The importance of mast cells during bacterial and parasitic infections has been extensively studied; yet, the role of these hematopoietic cells during viral infections is only beginning to emerge. Recently, it has been shown that mast cells can be directly activated in response to IAV, releasing mediators such histamine, proteases, leukotrienes, inflammatory cytokines, and antiviral chemokines, which participate in the excessive inflammatory and pathological response observed during IAV infections. In this review, we will examine the relationship between mast cells and IAV, and discuss the role of mast cells as a potential drug target during highly pathological IAV infections. Finally, we proposed an emerging role for mast cells in other viral infections associated with significant host pathology.
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spelling pubmed-44350712015-06-03 Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond Graham, Amy C. Temple, Rachel M. Obar, Joshua J. Front Immunol Immunology Influenza A virus (IAV) is a widespread infectious agent commonly found in mammalian and avian species. In humans, IAV is a respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal infections associated with significant morbidity in young and elderly populations, and has a large economic impact. Moreover, IAV has the potential to cause both zoonotic spillover infection and global pandemics, which have significantly greater morbidity and mortality across all ages. The pathology associated with these pandemic and spillover infections appear to be the result of an excessive inflammatory response leading to severe lung damage, which likely predisposes the lungs for secondary bacterial infections. The lung is protected from pathogens by alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, tissue resident alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. The importance of mast cells during bacterial and parasitic infections has been extensively studied; yet, the role of these hematopoietic cells during viral infections is only beginning to emerge. Recently, it has been shown that mast cells can be directly activated in response to IAV, releasing mediators such histamine, proteases, leukotrienes, inflammatory cytokines, and antiviral chemokines, which participate in the excessive inflammatory and pathological response observed during IAV infections. In this review, we will examine the relationship between mast cells and IAV, and discuss the role of mast cells as a potential drug target during highly pathological IAV infections. Finally, we proposed an emerging role for mast cells in other viral infections associated with significant host pathology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4435071/ /pubmed/26042121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00238 Text en Copyright © 2015 Graham, Temple and Obar. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Graham, Amy C.
Temple, Rachel M.
Obar, Joshua J.
Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond
title Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond
title_full Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond
title_fullStr Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond
title_full_unstemmed Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond
title_short Mast Cells and Influenza A Virus: Association with Allergic Responses and Beyond
title_sort mast cells and influenza a virus: association with allergic responses and beyond
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4435071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00238
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