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Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice
In this study we evaluated the time dependence in cadmium-nicotine interaction and its effect on motor function, anxiety linked behavioural changes, serum electrolytes, and weight after acute and chronic treatment in adult male mice. Animals were separated randomly into four groups of n = 6 animals...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4437340/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26317007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359436 |
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author | Chris Ajonijebu, Duyilemi Adeyemi Adeniyi, Philip Oloruntoba Adekeye, Adeshina Peter Olatunji, Babawale Olakunle Ishola, Azeez Michael Ogundele, Olalekan |
author_facet | Chris Ajonijebu, Duyilemi Adeyemi Adeniyi, Philip Oloruntoba Adekeye, Adeshina Peter Olatunji, Babawale Olakunle Ishola, Azeez Michael Ogundele, Olalekan |
author_sort | Chris Ajonijebu, Duyilemi |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study we evaluated the time dependence in cadmium-nicotine interaction and its effect on motor function, anxiety linked behavioural changes, serum electrolytes, and weight after acute and chronic treatment in adult male mice. Animals were separated randomly into four groups of n = 6 animals each. Treatment was done with nicotine, cadmium, or nicotine-cadmium for 21 days. A fourth group received normal saline for the same duration (control). Average weight was determined at 7-day interval for the acute (D1-D7) and chronic (D7-D21) treatment phases. Similarly, the behavioural tests for exploratory motor function (open field test) and anxiety were evaluated. Serum electrolytes were measured after the chronic phase. Nicotine, cadmium, and nicotine-cadmium treatments caused no significant change in body weight after the acute phase while cadmium-nicotine and cadmium caused a decline in weight after the chronic phase. This suggests the role of cadmium in the weight loss observed in tobacco smoke users. Both nicotine and cadmium raised serum Ca(2+) concentration and had no significant effect on K(+) ion when compared with the control. In addition, nicotine-cadmium treatment increased bioaccumulation of Cd(2+) in the serum which corresponded to a decrease in body weight, motor function, and an increase in anxiety. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4437340 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44373402015-08-27 Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice Chris Ajonijebu, Duyilemi Adeyemi Adeniyi, Philip Oloruntoba Adekeye, Adeshina Peter Olatunji, Babawale Olakunle Ishola, Azeez Michael Ogundele, Olalekan J Neurodegener Dis Research Article In this study we evaluated the time dependence in cadmium-nicotine interaction and its effect on motor function, anxiety linked behavioural changes, serum electrolytes, and weight after acute and chronic treatment in adult male mice. Animals were separated randomly into four groups of n = 6 animals each. Treatment was done with nicotine, cadmium, or nicotine-cadmium for 21 days. A fourth group received normal saline for the same duration (control). Average weight was determined at 7-day interval for the acute (D1-D7) and chronic (D7-D21) treatment phases. Similarly, the behavioural tests for exploratory motor function (open field test) and anxiety were evaluated. Serum electrolytes were measured after the chronic phase. Nicotine, cadmium, and nicotine-cadmium treatments caused no significant change in body weight after the acute phase while cadmium-nicotine and cadmium caused a decline in weight after the chronic phase. This suggests the role of cadmium in the weight loss observed in tobacco smoke users. Both nicotine and cadmium raised serum Ca(2+) concentration and had no significant effect on K(+) ion when compared with the control. In addition, nicotine-cadmium treatment increased bioaccumulation of Cd(2+) in the serum which corresponded to a decrease in body weight, motor function, and an increase in anxiety. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4437340/ /pubmed/26317007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359436 Text en Copyright © 2014 Duyilemi Chris Ajonijebu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Chris Ajonijebu, Duyilemi Adeyemi Adeniyi, Philip Oloruntoba Adekeye, Adeshina Peter Olatunji, Babawale Olakunle Ishola, Azeez Michael Ogundele, Olalekan Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice |
title | Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice |
title_full | Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice |
title_fullStr | Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice |
title_short | Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice |
title_sort | nicotine-cadmium interaction alters exploratory motor function and increased anxiety in adult male mice |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4437340/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26317007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359436 |
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