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A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive reserve is the ability to sustain cognitive function even with a certain amount of brain damages. Here we investigate the neural compensation mechanism of cognitive reserve from the perspective of structural brain connectivity. Our goal was to show that normal people with high education le...

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Autores principales: Wook Yoo, Sang, Han, Cheol E., Shin, Joseph S., Won Seo, Sang, Na, Duk L., Kaiser, Marcus, Jeong, Yong, Seong, Joon-Kyung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4438712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992968
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10057
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author Wook Yoo, Sang
Han, Cheol E.
Shin, Joseph S.
Won Seo, Sang
Na, Duk L.
Kaiser, Marcus
Jeong, Yong
Seong, Joon-Kyung
author_facet Wook Yoo, Sang
Han, Cheol E.
Shin, Joseph S.
Won Seo, Sang
Na, Duk L.
Kaiser, Marcus
Jeong, Yong
Seong, Joon-Kyung
author_sort Wook Yoo, Sang
collection PubMed
description Cognitive reserve is the ability to sustain cognitive function even with a certain amount of brain damages. Here we investigate the neural compensation mechanism of cognitive reserve from the perspective of structural brain connectivity. Our goal was to show that normal people with high education levels (i.e., cognitive reserve) maintain abundant pathways connecting any two brain regions, providing better compensation or resilience after brain damage. Accordingly, patients with high education levels show more deterioration in structural brain connectivity than those with low education levels before symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) become apparent. To test this hypothesis, we use network flow measuring the number of alternative paths between two brain regions in the brain network. The experimental results show that for normal aging, education strengthens network reliability, as measured through flow values, in a subnetwork centered at the supramarginal gyrus. For AD, a subnetwork centered at the left middle frontal gyrus shows a negative correlation between flow and education, which implies more collapse in structural brain connectivity for highly educated patients. We conclude that cognitive reserve may come from the ability of network reorganization to secure the information flow within the brain network, therefore making it more resistant to disease progress.
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spelling pubmed-44387122015-05-29 A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease Wook Yoo, Sang Han, Cheol E. Shin, Joseph S. Won Seo, Sang Na, Duk L. Kaiser, Marcus Jeong, Yong Seong, Joon-Kyung Sci Rep Article Cognitive reserve is the ability to sustain cognitive function even with a certain amount of brain damages. Here we investigate the neural compensation mechanism of cognitive reserve from the perspective of structural brain connectivity. Our goal was to show that normal people with high education levels (i.e., cognitive reserve) maintain abundant pathways connecting any two brain regions, providing better compensation or resilience after brain damage. Accordingly, patients with high education levels show more deterioration in structural brain connectivity than those with low education levels before symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) become apparent. To test this hypothesis, we use network flow measuring the number of alternative paths between two brain regions in the brain network. The experimental results show that for normal aging, education strengthens network reliability, as measured through flow values, in a subnetwork centered at the supramarginal gyrus. For AD, a subnetwork centered at the left middle frontal gyrus shows a negative correlation between flow and education, which implies more collapse in structural brain connectivity for highly educated patients. We conclude that cognitive reserve may come from the ability of network reorganization to secure the information flow within the brain network, therefore making it more resistant to disease progress. Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4438712/ /pubmed/25992968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10057 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Wook Yoo, Sang
Han, Cheol E.
Shin, Joseph S.
Won Seo, Sang
Na, Duk L.
Kaiser, Marcus
Jeong, Yong
Seong, Joon-Kyung
A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
title A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short A Network Flow-based Analysis of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort network flow-based analysis of cognitive reserve in normal ageing and alzheimer’s disease
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4438712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992968
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10057
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