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New insights into nucleolar structure and function
The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential ‘RNA-seeded’ nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polym...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Faculty of 1000 Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097721 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/P7-48 |
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author | Lam, Yun Wah Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura |
author_facet | Lam, Yun Wah Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura |
author_sort | Lam, Yun Wah |
collection | PubMed |
description | The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential ‘RNA-seeded’ nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription and regulated in mammalian cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Although the nucleolus is best known for its role in coordinating ribosome biogenesis, biochemical and proteomic analyses have revealed a much wider functional complexity than previously appreciated, including roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage sensing and repair, pre-mRNA processing, telomere metabolism, processing of non-coding RNAs, and coordination of the cellular response to various stresses. Despite these advances, much remains to be learned about the full range of biological processes that occur within, or involve, this organelle and how its assembly/disassembly and functional reorganization in response to various stimuli are regulated. Here, we review the impact of recent studies that provide major insights into these fundamental questions, and we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleolar pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4447046 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Faculty of 1000 Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44470462015-06-19 New insights into nucleolar structure and function Lam, Yun Wah Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura F1000Prime Rep Review Article The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential ‘RNA-seeded’ nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription and regulated in mammalian cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Although the nucleolus is best known for its role in coordinating ribosome biogenesis, biochemical and proteomic analyses have revealed a much wider functional complexity than previously appreciated, including roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage sensing and repair, pre-mRNA processing, telomere metabolism, processing of non-coding RNAs, and coordination of the cellular response to various stresses. Despite these advances, much remains to be learned about the full range of biological processes that occur within, or involve, this organelle and how its assembly/disassembly and functional reorganization in response to various stimuli are regulated. Here, we review the impact of recent studies that provide major insights into these fundamental questions, and we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleolar pathways. Faculty of 1000 Ltd 2015-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4447046/ /pubmed/26097721 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/P7-48 Text en © 2015 Faculty of 1000 Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode All F1000Prime Reports articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Lam, Yun Wah Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura New insights into nucleolar structure and function |
title | New insights into nucleolar structure and function |
title_full | New insights into nucleolar structure and function |
title_fullStr | New insights into nucleolar structure and function |
title_full_unstemmed | New insights into nucleolar structure and function |
title_short | New insights into nucleolar structure and function |
title_sort | new insights into nucleolar structure and function |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097721 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/P7-48 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lamyunwah newinsightsintonucleolarstructureandfunction AT trinklemulcahylaura newinsightsintonucleolarstructureandfunction |