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New insights into nucleolar structure and function

The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential ‘RNA-seeded’ nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polym...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lam, Yun Wah, Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Faculty of 1000 Ltd 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097721
http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/P7-48
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author Lam, Yun Wah
Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura
author_facet Lam, Yun Wah
Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura
author_sort Lam, Yun Wah
collection PubMed
description The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential ‘RNA-seeded’ nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription and regulated in mammalian cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Although the nucleolus is best known for its role in coordinating ribosome biogenesis, biochemical and proteomic analyses have revealed a much wider functional complexity than previously appreciated, including roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage sensing and repair, pre-mRNA processing, telomere metabolism, processing of non-coding RNAs, and coordination of the cellular response to various stresses. Despite these advances, much remains to be learned about the full range of biological processes that occur within, or involve, this organelle and how its assembly/disassembly and functional reorganization in response to various stimuli are regulated. Here, we review the impact of recent studies that provide major insights into these fundamental questions, and we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleolar pathways.
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spelling pubmed-44470462015-06-19 New insights into nucleolar structure and function Lam, Yun Wah Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura F1000Prime Rep Review Article The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential ‘RNA-seeded’ nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription and regulated in mammalian cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Although the nucleolus is best known for its role in coordinating ribosome biogenesis, biochemical and proteomic analyses have revealed a much wider functional complexity than previously appreciated, including roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage sensing and repair, pre-mRNA processing, telomere metabolism, processing of non-coding RNAs, and coordination of the cellular response to various stresses. Despite these advances, much remains to be learned about the full range of biological processes that occur within, or involve, this organelle and how its assembly/disassembly and functional reorganization in response to various stimuli are regulated. Here, we review the impact of recent studies that provide major insights into these fundamental questions, and we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleolar pathways. Faculty of 1000 Ltd 2015-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4447046/ /pubmed/26097721 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/P7-48 Text en © 2015 Faculty of 1000 Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode All F1000Prime Reports articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Lam, Yun Wah
Trinkle-Mulcahy, Laura
New insights into nucleolar structure and function
title New insights into nucleolar structure and function
title_full New insights into nucleolar structure and function
title_fullStr New insights into nucleolar structure and function
title_full_unstemmed New insights into nucleolar structure and function
title_short New insights into nucleolar structure and function
title_sort new insights into nucleolar structure and function
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097721
http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/P7-48
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