Visible Thrombolysis Acceleration of a Nanomachine Powered by Light-Driving F(0)F(1)-ATPase Motor

We report on thrombolysis acceleration of a nanomachine powered by light-driving δ-subunit-free F(0)F(1)-ATPase motor. It is composed of a mechanical device, locating device, energy storage device, and propeller. The rotory δ-subunit-free F(0)F(1)-ATPase motor acts as a mechanical device, which was obtained by reconstructing an original chromatophore extracted from Rhodospirillum rubrum. We found that the bioactivity of the F(0)F(1)-ATPase motor improved greatly after reconstruction. The zeta potential of the nanomachine is about −23.4 mV. Cytotoxicity induced by the nanomachine was measured using cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. The A549 cells incubated with different fractional concentrations of the nanomachine within 48 h did not show obvious cytotoxicity. The locating device helps the nanomachine bind to the thrombi. Energy was easily stored by exposing the nanomachine to 600-nm-wavelength irradiation, which promoted activity of the motor. The rotation of the long propeller accelerated thrombolysis of a blood clot in vitro in the presence of urokinase (UK). This result was based on visual inspection and confirmed by a series of tests. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11671-015-0918-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.