Synthesis of Gd(2)O(3):Eu nanoplatelets for MRI and fluorescence imaging

We synthesized Gd(2)O(3) and Gd(2)O(3) doped by europium (Eu) (2% to 10%) nanoplatelets using the polyol chemical method. The synthesized nanoplatelets were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, TEM, and EDX techniques. The optical properties of the synthesized nanoplatelets were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy. We also studied the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement of T1 relaxivity using 3 T MRI. The XRD for Gd(2)O(3) revealed a cubic crystalline structure. The XRD of Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+) nanoplatelets were highly consistent with Gd(2)O(3) indicating the total incorporation of the Eu(3+) ions in the Gd(2)O(3) matrix. The Eu doping of Gd(2)O(3) produced red luminescence around 612 nm corresponding to the radiative transitions from the Eu-excited state (5)D(0) to the (7)F(2). The photoluminescence was maximal at 5% Eu doping concentration. The stimulated CIE chromaticity coordinates were also calculated. Judd-Ofelt analysis was used to obtain the radiative properties of the sample from the emission spectra. The MRI contrast enhancement due to Gd(2)O(3) was compared to DOTAREM commercial contrast agent at similar concentration of gadolinium oxide and provided similar contrast enhancement. The incorporation of Eu, however, decreased the MRI contrast due to replacement of gadolinium by Eu.