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Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization
Superantigens (SAgs) are potent microbial toxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells in a T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-specific manner, resulting in excessive immune system activation. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a large repertoire of distinct SAgs, and in the context of host-pathogen...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448176/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7051821 |
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author | Xu, Stacey X. Kasper, Katherine J. Zeppa, Joseph J. McCormick, John K. |
author_facet | Xu, Stacey X. Kasper, Katherine J. Zeppa, Joseph J. McCormick, John K. |
author_sort | Xu, Stacey X. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Superantigens (SAgs) are potent microbial toxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells in a T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-specific manner, resulting in excessive immune system activation. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a large repertoire of distinct SAgs, and in the context of host-pathogen interactions, staphylococcal SAg research has focused primarily on the role of these toxins in severe and invasive diseases. However, the contribution of SAgs to colonization by S. aureus remains unclear. We developed a two-week nasal colonization model using SAg-sensitive transgenic mice expressing HLA-DR4, and evaluated the role of SAgs using two well-studied stains of S. aureus. S. aureus Newman produces relatively low levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), and although we did not detect significant TCR-Vβ specific changes during wild-type S. aureus Newman colonization, S. aureus Newman Δsea established transiently higher bacterial loads in the nose. S. aureus COL produces relatively high levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and colonization with wild-type S. aureus COL resulted in clear Vβ8-specific T cell skewing responses. S. aureus COL Δseb established consistently higher bacterial loads in the nose. These data suggest that staphylococcal SAgs may be involved in regulating bacterial densities during nasal colonization. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4448176 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44481762015-06-01 Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Xu, Stacey X. Kasper, Katherine J. Zeppa, Joseph J. McCormick, John K. Toxins (Basel) Article Superantigens (SAgs) are potent microbial toxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells in a T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-specific manner, resulting in excessive immune system activation. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a large repertoire of distinct SAgs, and in the context of host-pathogen interactions, staphylococcal SAg research has focused primarily on the role of these toxins in severe and invasive diseases. However, the contribution of SAgs to colonization by S. aureus remains unclear. We developed a two-week nasal colonization model using SAg-sensitive transgenic mice expressing HLA-DR4, and evaluated the role of SAgs using two well-studied stains of S. aureus. S. aureus Newman produces relatively low levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), and although we did not detect significant TCR-Vβ specific changes during wild-type S. aureus Newman colonization, S. aureus Newman Δsea established transiently higher bacterial loads in the nose. S. aureus COL produces relatively high levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and colonization with wild-type S. aureus COL resulted in clear Vβ8-specific T cell skewing responses. S. aureus COL Δseb established consistently higher bacterial loads in the nose. These data suggest that staphylococcal SAgs may be involved in regulating bacterial densities during nasal colonization. MDPI 2015-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4448176/ /pubmed/26008236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7051821 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Xu, Stacey X. Kasper, Katherine J. Zeppa, Joseph J. McCormick, John K. Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization |
title | Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization |
title_full | Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization |
title_fullStr | Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization |
title_full_unstemmed | Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization |
title_short | Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization |
title_sort | superantigens modulate bacterial density during staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448176/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7051821 |
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