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Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder

Background: There is increasing evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) and conduct disorder (CD) are co-occurring disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging has revealed differences in the structure and function of the frontal cortex in these disorders when studied separately; however, the impact of BD como...

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Autores principales: Olvera, Rene L., Glahn, David C., O’Donnell, Louise, Bearden, Carrie E., Soares, Jair C., Winkler, Anderson M., Pliszka, Steven R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26237382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm3020416
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author Olvera, Rene L.
Glahn, David C.
O’Donnell, Louise
Bearden, Carrie E.
Soares, Jair C.
Winkler, Anderson M.
Pliszka, Steven R.
author_facet Olvera, Rene L.
Glahn, David C.
O’Donnell, Louise
Bearden, Carrie E.
Soares, Jair C.
Winkler, Anderson M.
Pliszka, Steven R.
author_sort Olvera, Rene L.
collection PubMed
description Background: There is increasing evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) and conduct disorder (CD) are co-occurring disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging has revealed differences in the structure and function of the frontal cortex in these disorders when studied separately; however, the impact of BD comorbidity on brain structure in adolescents with CD has not yet been examined. Method: We conducted an optimized voxel based morphometry (VBM) study of juvenile offenders with the following diagnoses: conduct disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder (CD-BD; n = 24), conduct disorder without bipolar disorder (CD; n = 24) and healthy controls (HC, n = 24). Participants were 13–17 years of age, in a residential treatment facility for repeat offenders. The three groups in this study were similar in age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Results: We found CD-BD subjects had decreased volume relative to controls at the voxel level in the right medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using a Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE) technique, the CD-BD subjects had significantly decreased volumes of the right medial prefrontal cortex and portions of the superior and inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal gyrus. The CD subjects did not have differences in brain volume compared to control subjects or CD-BD subjects. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the comorbidity between CD and BD is associated with neurobiological impact namely volumetric differences from healthy controls. Furthermore subjects with this comorbidity had poorer lifetime functioning, more mood and attentional dysfunction, and more medication exposure than subjects with CD who were not BD.
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spelling pubmed-44496972015-07-28 Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder Olvera, Rene L. Glahn, David C. O’Donnell, Louise Bearden, Carrie E. Soares, Jair C. Winkler, Anderson M. Pliszka, Steven R. J Clin Med Article Background: There is increasing evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) and conduct disorder (CD) are co-occurring disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging has revealed differences in the structure and function of the frontal cortex in these disorders when studied separately; however, the impact of BD comorbidity on brain structure in adolescents with CD has not yet been examined. Method: We conducted an optimized voxel based morphometry (VBM) study of juvenile offenders with the following diagnoses: conduct disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder (CD-BD; n = 24), conduct disorder without bipolar disorder (CD; n = 24) and healthy controls (HC, n = 24). Participants were 13–17 years of age, in a residential treatment facility for repeat offenders. The three groups in this study were similar in age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Results: We found CD-BD subjects had decreased volume relative to controls at the voxel level in the right medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using a Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE) technique, the CD-BD subjects had significantly decreased volumes of the right medial prefrontal cortex and portions of the superior and inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal gyrus. The CD subjects did not have differences in brain volume compared to control subjects or CD-BD subjects. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the comorbidity between CD and BD is associated with neurobiological impact namely volumetric differences from healthy controls. Furthermore subjects with this comorbidity had poorer lifetime functioning, more mood and attentional dysfunction, and more medication exposure than subjects with CD who were not BD. MDPI 2014-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4449697/ /pubmed/26237382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm3020416 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Olvera, Rene L.
Glahn, David C.
O’Donnell, Louise
Bearden, Carrie E.
Soares, Jair C.
Winkler, Anderson M.
Pliszka, Steven R.
Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder
title Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder
title_full Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder
title_fullStr Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder
title_short Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder
title_sort cortical volume alterations in conduct disordered adolescents with and without bipolar disorder
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26237382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm3020416
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