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Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum

All known mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation rely on astral microtubules. We report that even in the absence of astral microtubules, metaphase spindles in MDCK and HeLa cells are not randomly positioned along their x-z dimension, but preferentially adopt shallow β angles between spindle pole...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lázaro-Diéguez, Francisco, Ispolatov, Iaroslav, Müsch, Anne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society for Cell Biology 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657320
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E14-08-1330
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author Lázaro-Diéguez, Francisco
Ispolatov, Iaroslav
Müsch, Anne
author_facet Lázaro-Diéguez, Francisco
Ispolatov, Iaroslav
Müsch, Anne
author_sort Lázaro-Diéguez, Francisco
collection PubMed
description All known mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation rely on astral microtubules. We report that even in the absence of astral microtubules, metaphase spindles in MDCK and HeLa cells are not randomly positioned along their x-z dimension, but preferentially adopt shallow β angles between spindle pole axis and substratum. The nonrandom spindle positioning is due to constraints imposed by the cell cortex in flat cells that drive spindles that are longer and/or wider than the cell's height into a tilted, quasidiagonal x-z position. In rounder cells, which are taller, fewer cortical constraints make the x-z spindle position more random. Reestablishment of astral microtubule–mediated forces align the spindle poles with cortical cues parallel to the substratum in all cells. However, in flat cells, they frequently cause spindle deformations. Similar deformations are apparent when confined spindles rotate from tilted to parallel positions while MDCK cells progress from prometaphase to metaphase. The spindle disruptions cause the engagement of the spindle assembly checkpoint. We propose that cell rounding serves to maintain spindle integrity during its positioning.
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spelling pubmed-44541762015-06-16 Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum Lázaro-Diéguez, Francisco Ispolatov, Iaroslav Müsch, Anne Mol Biol Cell Articles All known mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation rely on astral microtubules. We report that even in the absence of astral microtubules, metaphase spindles in MDCK and HeLa cells are not randomly positioned along their x-z dimension, but preferentially adopt shallow β angles between spindle pole axis and substratum. The nonrandom spindle positioning is due to constraints imposed by the cell cortex in flat cells that drive spindles that are longer and/or wider than the cell's height into a tilted, quasidiagonal x-z position. In rounder cells, which are taller, fewer cortical constraints make the x-z spindle position more random. Reestablishment of astral microtubule–mediated forces align the spindle poles with cortical cues parallel to the substratum in all cells. However, in flat cells, they frequently cause spindle deformations. Similar deformations are apparent when confined spindles rotate from tilted to parallel positions while MDCK cells progress from prometaphase to metaphase. The spindle disruptions cause the engagement of the spindle assembly checkpoint. We propose that cell rounding serves to maintain spindle integrity during its positioning. The American Society for Cell Biology 2015-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4454176/ /pubmed/25657320 http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E14-08-1330 Text en © 2015 Lázaro-Diéguez et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). “ASCB®,” “The American Society for Cell Biology®,” and “Molecular Biology of the Cell®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology.
spellingShingle Articles
Lázaro-Diéguez, Francisco
Ispolatov, Iaroslav
Müsch, Anne
Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
title Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
title_full Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
title_fullStr Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
title_full_unstemmed Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
title_short Cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
title_sort cell shape impacts on the positioning of the mitotic spindle with respect to the substratum
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657320
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E14-08-1330
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