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When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors
BACKGROUND: Guidelines from the World Health Organization for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors recommend exposing insects to a predetermined discriminating dose of insecticide and recording the percentage mortality in the population. This standardized methodology has been widely...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25985896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0721-4 |
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author | Bagi, Judit Grisales, Nelson Corkill, Rebecca Morgan, John C N’Falé, Sagnon Brogdon, William G Ranson, Hilary |
author_facet | Bagi, Judit Grisales, Nelson Corkill, Rebecca Morgan, John C N’Falé, Sagnon Brogdon, William G Ranson, Hilary |
author_sort | Bagi, Judit |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Guidelines from the World Health Organization for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors recommend exposing insects to a predetermined discriminating dose of insecticide and recording the percentage mortality in the population. This standardized methodology has been widely adopted for malaria vectors and has provided valuable data on the spread and prevalence of resistance. However, understanding the potential impact of this resistance on malaria control requires a more quantitative measure of the strength or intensity of this resistance. METHODS: Bioassays were adapted to quantify the level of resistance to permethrin in laboratory colonies and field populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. WHO susceptibility tube assays were used to produce data on mortality versus exposure time and CDC bottle bioassays were used to generate dose response data sets. A modified version of the CDC bottle bioassay, known as the Resistance Intensity Rapid Diagnostic Test (I-RDT), was also used to measure the knockdown and mortality after exposure to different multipliers of the diagnostic dose. Finally cone bioassays were used to assess mortality after exposure to insecticide treated nets. RESULTS: The time response assays were simple to perform but not suitable for highly resistant populations. After initial problems with stability of insecticide and bottle washing were resolved, the CDC bottle bioassay provided a reproducible, quantitative measure of resistance but there were challenges performing this under field conditions. The I-RDT was simple to perform and interpret although the end point selected (immediate knockdown versus 24 h mortality) could dramatically affect the interpretation of the data. The utility of the cone bioassays was dependent on net type and thus appropriate controls are needed to interpret the operational significance of these data sets. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating quantitative measures of resistance strength, and utilizing bioassays with field doses of insecticides, will help interpret the possible impact of resistance on vector control activities. Each method tested had different benefits and challenges and agreement on a common methodology would be beneficial so that data are generated in a standardized format. This type of quantitative data are an important prerequisite to linking resistance strength to epidemiological outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4455279 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44552792015-06-05 When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors Bagi, Judit Grisales, Nelson Corkill, Rebecca Morgan, John C N’Falé, Sagnon Brogdon, William G Ranson, Hilary Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Guidelines from the World Health Organization for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors recommend exposing insects to a predetermined discriminating dose of insecticide and recording the percentage mortality in the population. This standardized methodology has been widely adopted for malaria vectors and has provided valuable data on the spread and prevalence of resistance. However, understanding the potential impact of this resistance on malaria control requires a more quantitative measure of the strength or intensity of this resistance. METHODS: Bioassays were adapted to quantify the level of resistance to permethrin in laboratory colonies and field populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. WHO susceptibility tube assays were used to produce data on mortality versus exposure time and CDC bottle bioassays were used to generate dose response data sets. A modified version of the CDC bottle bioassay, known as the Resistance Intensity Rapid Diagnostic Test (I-RDT), was also used to measure the knockdown and mortality after exposure to different multipliers of the diagnostic dose. Finally cone bioassays were used to assess mortality after exposure to insecticide treated nets. RESULTS: The time response assays were simple to perform but not suitable for highly resistant populations. After initial problems with stability of insecticide and bottle washing were resolved, the CDC bottle bioassay provided a reproducible, quantitative measure of resistance but there were challenges performing this under field conditions. The I-RDT was simple to perform and interpret although the end point selected (immediate knockdown versus 24 h mortality) could dramatically affect the interpretation of the data. The utility of the cone bioassays was dependent on net type and thus appropriate controls are needed to interpret the operational significance of these data sets. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating quantitative measures of resistance strength, and utilizing bioassays with field doses of insecticides, will help interpret the possible impact of resistance on vector control activities. Each method tested had different benefits and challenges and agreement on a common methodology would be beneficial so that data are generated in a standardized format. This type of quantitative data are an important prerequisite to linking resistance strength to epidemiological outcomes. BioMed Central 2015-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4455279/ /pubmed/25985896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0721-4 Text en © Bagi et al. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Bagi, Judit Grisales, Nelson Corkill, Rebecca Morgan, John C N’Falé, Sagnon Brogdon, William G Ranson, Hilary When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
title | When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
title_full | When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
title_fullStr | When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
title_full_unstemmed | When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
title_short | When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
title_sort | when a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25985896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0721-4 |
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