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The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)
The highly conserved enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in metabolism of glutathione and glutamine. Yet, the regulation of ggt transcription in prokaryotes is poorly understood. In the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, GGT is important as it contributes to persistent co...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00567 |
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author | van der Stel, Anne-Xander van Mourik, Andries Łaniewski, Paweł van Putten, Jos P. M. Jagusztyn-Krynicka, Elżbieta K. Wösten, Marc M. S. M |
author_facet | van der Stel, Anne-Xander van Mourik, Andries Łaniewski, Paweł van Putten, Jos P. M. Jagusztyn-Krynicka, Elżbieta K. Wösten, Marc M. S. M |
author_sort | van der Stel, Anne-Xander |
collection | PubMed |
description | The highly conserved enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in metabolism of glutathione and glutamine. Yet, the regulation of ggt transcription in prokaryotes is poorly understood. In the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, GGT is important as it contributes to persistent colonization of the gut. Here we show that the GGT activity in C. jejuni is dependent on a functional RacRS (reduced ability to colonize) two-component system. Electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays indicate that the response regulator RacR binds to a promoter region ~80 bp upstream of the ggt transcriptional start site, which contains a recently identified RacR DNA binding consensus sequence. RacR needs to be phosphorylated to activate the transcription of the ggt gene, which is the case under low oxygen conditions in presence of alternative electron acceptors. A functional GGT and RacR are needed to allow C. jejuni to grow optimally on glutamine as sole carbon source under RacR inducing conditions. However, when additional carbon sources are present C. jejuni is capable of utilizing glutamine independently of GGT. RacR is the first prokaryotic transcription factor known to directly up-regulate both the cytoplasmic [glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT)] as well as the periplasmic (GGT) production of glutamate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4456614 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44566142015-06-19 The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) van der Stel, Anne-Xander van Mourik, Andries Łaniewski, Paweł van Putten, Jos P. M. Jagusztyn-Krynicka, Elżbieta K. Wösten, Marc M. S. M Front Microbiol Microbiology The highly conserved enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in metabolism of glutathione and glutamine. Yet, the regulation of ggt transcription in prokaryotes is poorly understood. In the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, GGT is important as it contributes to persistent colonization of the gut. Here we show that the GGT activity in C. jejuni is dependent on a functional RacRS (reduced ability to colonize) two-component system. Electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays indicate that the response regulator RacR binds to a promoter region ~80 bp upstream of the ggt transcriptional start site, which contains a recently identified RacR DNA binding consensus sequence. RacR needs to be phosphorylated to activate the transcription of the ggt gene, which is the case under low oxygen conditions in presence of alternative electron acceptors. A functional GGT and RacR are needed to allow C. jejuni to grow optimally on glutamine as sole carbon source under RacR inducing conditions. However, when additional carbon sources are present C. jejuni is capable of utilizing glutamine independently of GGT. RacR is the first prokaryotic transcription factor known to directly up-regulate both the cytoplasmic [glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT)] as well as the periplasmic (GGT) production of glutamate. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4456614/ /pubmed/26097472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00567 Text en Copyright © 2015 van der Stel, van Mourik, Łaniewski, van Putten, Jagusztyn-Krynicka and Wösten. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology van der Stel, Anne-Xander van Mourik, Andries Łaniewski, Paweł van Putten, Jos P. M. Jagusztyn-Krynicka, Elżbieta K. Wösten, Marc M. S. M The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) |
title | The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) |
title_full | The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) |
title_fullStr | The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) |
title_full_unstemmed | The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) |
title_short | The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) |
title_sort | campylobacter jejuni racrs two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt) |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00567 |
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