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Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans
BACKGROUND: It is not known whether parasympathetic outflow simultaneously acts on bronchial tone and cardiovascular system waxing and waning both systems in parallel, or, alternatively, whether the regulation is more dependent on local factors and therefore independent on each system. The aim of th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457838/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127697 |
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author | Zannin, Emanuela Pellegrino, Riccardo Di Toro, Alessandro Antonelli, Andrea Dellacà, Raffaele L. Bernardi, Luciano |
author_facet | Zannin, Emanuela Pellegrino, Riccardo Di Toro, Alessandro Antonelli, Andrea Dellacà, Raffaele L. Bernardi, Luciano |
author_sort | Zannin, Emanuela |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: It is not known whether parasympathetic outflow simultaneously acts on bronchial tone and cardiovascular system waxing and waning both systems in parallel, or, alternatively, whether the regulation is more dependent on local factors and therefore independent on each system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of different kinds of stimulations, all associated with parasympathetic activation, on bronchomotor tone and cardiovascular autonomic regulation. METHODS: Respiratory system resistance (Rrs, forced oscillation technique) and cardio-vascular activity (heart rate, oxygen saturation, tissue oxygenation index, blood pressure) were assessed in 13 volunteers at baseline and during a series of parasympathetic stimuli: O(2) inhalation, stimulation of the carotid sinus baroreceptors by neck suction, slow breathing, and inhalation of methacholine. RESULTS: Pure cholinergic stimuli, like O(2) inhalation and baroreceptors stimulation, caused an increase in Rrs and a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure. Slow breathing led to bradycardia and hypotension, without significant changes in Rrs. However slow breathing was associated with deep inhalations, and Rrs evaluated at the baseline lung volumes was significantly increased, suggesting that the large tidal volumes reversed the airways narrowing effect of parasympathetic activation. Finally inhaled methacholine caused marked airway narrowing, while the cardiovascular variables were unaffected, presumably because of the sympathetic activity triggered in response to hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS: All parasympathetic stimuli affected bronchial tone and moderately affected also the cardiovascular system. However the response differed depending on the nature of the stimulus. Slow breathing was associated with large tidal volumes that reversed the airways narrowing effect of parasympathetic activation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4457838 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44578382015-06-09 Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans Zannin, Emanuela Pellegrino, Riccardo Di Toro, Alessandro Antonelli, Andrea Dellacà, Raffaele L. Bernardi, Luciano PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: It is not known whether parasympathetic outflow simultaneously acts on bronchial tone and cardiovascular system waxing and waning both systems in parallel, or, alternatively, whether the regulation is more dependent on local factors and therefore independent on each system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of different kinds of stimulations, all associated with parasympathetic activation, on bronchomotor tone and cardiovascular autonomic regulation. METHODS: Respiratory system resistance (Rrs, forced oscillation technique) and cardio-vascular activity (heart rate, oxygen saturation, tissue oxygenation index, blood pressure) were assessed in 13 volunteers at baseline and during a series of parasympathetic stimuli: O(2) inhalation, stimulation of the carotid sinus baroreceptors by neck suction, slow breathing, and inhalation of methacholine. RESULTS: Pure cholinergic stimuli, like O(2) inhalation and baroreceptors stimulation, caused an increase in Rrs and a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure. Slow breathing led to bradycardia and hypotension, without significant changes in Rrs. However slow breathing was associated with deep inhalations, and Rrs evaluated at the baseline lung volumes was significantly increased, suggesting that the large tidal volumes reversed the airways narrowing effect of parasympathetic activation. Finally inhaled methacholine caused marked airway narrowing, while the cardiovascular variables were unaffected, presumably because of the sympathetic activity triggered in response to hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS: All parasympathetic stimuli affected bronchial tone and moderately affected also the cardiovascular system. However the response differed depending on the nature of the stimulus. Slow breathing was associated with large tidal volumes that reversed the airways narrowing effect of parasympathetic activation. Public Library of Science 2015-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4457838/ /pubmed/26046774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127697 Text en © 2015 Zannin et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zannin, Emanuela Pellegrino, Riccardo Di Toro, Alessandro Antonelli, Andrea Dellacà, Raffaele L. Bernardi, Luciano Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans |
title | Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans |
title_full | Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans |
title_fullStr | Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans |
title_full_unstemmed | Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans |
title_short | Parasympathetic Stimuli on Bronchial and Cardiovascular Systems in Humans |
title_sort | parasympathetic stimuli on bronchial and cardiovascular systems in humans |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457838/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127697 |
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