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Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size

Multicellular development requires that cells reduce in size as a result of consecutive cell divisions without increase in embryo volume. To maintain cellular integrity, organelle size adapts to cell size throughout development. During mitosis, the longest chromosome arm must be shorter than half of...

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Autores principales: Ladouceur, Anne-Marie, Dorn, Jonas F., Maddox, Paul S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Rockefeller University Press 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4460153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26033258
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201502092
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author Ladouceur, Anne-Marie
Dorn, Jonas F.
Maddox, Paul S.
author_facet Ladouceur, Anne-Marie
Dorn, Jonas F.
Maddox, Paul S.
author_sort Ladouceur, Anne-Marie
collection PubMed
description Multicellular development requires that cells reduce in size as a result of consecutive cell divisions without increase in embryo volume. To maintain cellular integrity, organelle size adapts to cell size throughout development. During mitosis, the longest chromosome arm must be shorter than half of the mitotic spindle for proper chromosome segregation. Using high-resolution time-lapse microscopy of living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we have quantified the relation between cell size and chromosome length. In control embryos, chromosome length scaled to cell size. Artificial reduction of cell size resulted in a shortening of chromosome length, following a trend predicted by measurements from control embryos. Disturbing the RAN (Ras-related nuclear protein)-GTP gradient decoupled nuclear size from cell size and resulted in chromosome scaling to nuclear size rather than cell size; smaller nuclei contained shorter chromosomes independent of cell size. In sum, quantitative analysis relating cell, nuclear, and chromosome size predicts two levels of chromosome length regulation: one through cell size and a second in response to nuclear size.
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spelling pubmed-44601532015-12-08 Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size Ladouceur, Anne-Marie Dorn, Jonas F. Maddox, Paul S. J Cell Biol Research Articles Multicellular development requires that cells reduce in size as a result of consecutive cell divisions without increase in embryo volume. To maintain cellular integrity, organelle size adapts to cell size throughout development. During mitosis, the longest chromosome arm must be shorter than half of the mitotic spindle for proper chromosome segregation. Using high-resolution time-lapse microscopy of living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we have quantified the relation between cell size and chromosome length. In control embryos, chromosome length scaled to cell size. Artificial reduction of cell size resulted in a shortening of chromosome length, following a trend predicted by measurements from control embryos. Disturbing the RAN (Ras-related nuclear protein)-GTP gradient decoupled nuclear size from cell size and resulted in chromosome scaling to nuclear size rather than cell size; smaller nuclei contained shorter chromosomes independent of cell size. In sum, quantitative analysis relating cell, nuclear, and chromosome size predicts two levels of chromosome length regulation: one through cell size and a second in response to nuclear size. The Rockefeller University Press 2015-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4460153/ /pubmed/26033258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201502092 Text en © 2015 Ladouceur et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
spellingShingle Research Articles
Ladouceur, Anne-Marie
Dorn, Jonas F.
Maddox, Paul S.
Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
title Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
title_full Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
title_fullStr Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
title_full_unstemmed Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
title_short Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
title_sort mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4460153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26033258
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201502092
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