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A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Populations of most North American aerial insectivores have undergone steep population declines over the past 40 years but the relative importance of factors operating on breeding, wintering, or stopover sites remains unknown. We used archival light-level geolocators to track the phenology, movement...

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Autores principales: Hobson, Keith A., Kardynal, Kevin J., Van Wilgenburg, Steven L., Albrecht, Gretchen, Salvadori, Antonio, Cadman, Michael D., Liechti, Felix, Fox, James W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26065914
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129340
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author Hobson, Keith A.
Kardynal, Kevin J.
Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.
Albrecht, Gretchen
Salvadori, Antonio
Cadman, Michael D.
Liechti, Felix
Fox, James W.
author_facet Hobson, Keith A.
Kardynal, Kevin J.
Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.
Albrecht, Gretchen
Salvadori, Antonio
Cadman, Michael D.
Liechti, Felix
Fox, James W.
author_sort Hobson, Keith A.
collection PubMed
description Populations of most North American aerial insectivores have undergone steep population declines over the past 40 years but the relative importance of factors operating on breeding, wintering, or stopover sites remains unknown. We used archival light-level geolocators to track the phenology, movements and winter locations of barn swallows (Hirdundo rustica; n = 27) from populations across North America to determine their migratory connectivity. We identified an east-west continental migratory divide for barn swallows with birds from western regions (Washington State, USA (n = 8) and Saskatchewan, Canada (n = 5)) traveling shorter distances to wintering areas ranging from Oregon to northern Colombia than eastern populations (Ontario (n = 3) and New Brunswick (n = 10), Canada) which wintered in South America south of the Amazon basin. A single swallow from a stable population in Alabama shared a similar migration route to eastern barn swallows but wintered farther north in northeast Brazil indicating a potential leap frog pattern migratory among eastern birds. Six of 9 (67%) birds from the two eastern populations and Alabama underwent a loop migration west of fall migration routes including around the Gulf of Mexico travelling a mean of 2,224 km and 722 km longer on spring migration, respectively. Longer migration distances, including the requirement to cross the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico and subsequent shorter sedentary wintering periods, may exacerbate declines for populations breeding in northeastern North America.
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spelling pubmed-44661472015-06-25 A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) Hobson, Keith A. Kardynal, Kevin J. Van Wilgenburg, Steven L. Albrecht, Gretchen Salvadori, Antonio Cadman, Michael D. Liechti, Felix Fox, James W. PLoS One Research Article Populations of most North American aerial insectivores have undergone steep population declines over the past 40 years but the relative importance of factors operating on breeding, wintering, or stopover sites remains unknown. We used archival light-level geolocators to track the phenology, movements and winter locations of barn swallows (Hirdundo rustica; n = 27) from populations across North America to determine their migratory connectivity. We identified an east-west continental migratory divide for barn swallows with birds from western regions (Washington State, USA (n = 8) and Saskatchewan, Canada (n = 5)) traveling shorter distances to wintering areas ranging from Oregon to northern Colombia than eastern populations (Ontario (n = 3) and New Brunswick (n = 10), Canada) which wintered in South America south of the Amazon basin. A single swallow from a stable population in Alabama shared a similar migration route to eastern barn swallows but wintered farther north in northeast Brazil indicating a potential leap frog pattern migratory among eastern birds. Six of 9 (67%) birds from the two eastern populations and Alabama underwent a loop migration west of fall migration routes including around the Gulf of Mexico travelling a mean of 2,224 km and 722 km longer on spring migration, respectively. Longer migration distances, including the requirement to cross the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico and subsequent shorter sedentary wintering periods, may exacerbate declines for populations breeding in northeastern North America. Public Library of Science 2015-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4466147/ /pubmed/26065914 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129340 Text en © 2015 Hobson et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hobson, Keith A.
Kardynal, Kevin J.
Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.
Albrecht, Gretchen
Salvadori, Antonio
Cadman, Michael D.
Liechti, Felix
Fox, James W.
A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
title A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
title_full A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
title_fullStr A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
title_full_unstemmed A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
title_short A Continent-Wide Migratory Divide in North American Breeding Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
title_sort continent-wide migratory divide in north american breeding barn swallows (hirundo rustica)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26065914
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129340
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