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18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci
The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures at the microwave (MW) frequency of 18 GHz, on four cocci, Planococcus maritimus KMM 3738, Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8(T), S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC 14990(T), was investigated. We demonstrate that exposing the bacteria to an EM...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4468521/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26077933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10980 |
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author | Nguyen, The Hong Phong Shamis, Yury Croft, Rodney J. Wood, Andrew McIntosh, Robert L. Crawford, Russell J. Ivanova, Elena P. |
author_facet | Nguyen, The Hong Phong Shamis, Yury Croft, Rodney J. Wood, Andrew McIntosh, Robert L. Crawford, Russell J. Ivanova, Elena P. |
author_sort | Nguyen, The Hong Phong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures at the microwave (MW) frequency of 18 GHz, on four cocci, Planococcus maritimus KMM 3738, Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8(T), S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC 14990(T), was investigated. We demonstrate that exposing the bacteria to an EMF induced permeability in the bacterial membranes of all strains studied, as confirmed directly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and indirectly via the propidium iodide assay and the uptake of silica nanospheres. The cells remained permeable for at least nine minutes after EMF exposure. It was shown that all strains internalized 23.5 nm nanospheres, whereas the internalization of the 46.3 nm nanospheres differed amongst the bacterial strains (S. epidermidis ATCC 14990(T)~ 0%; Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8(T) S. aureus ATCC 25923, ~40%; Planococcus maritimus KMM 3738, ~80%). Cell viability experiments indicated that up to 84% of the cells exposed to the EMF remained viable. The morphology of the bacterial cells was not altered, as inferred from the scanning electron micrographs, however traces of leaked cytosolic fluids from the EMF exposed cells could be detected. EMF-induced permeabilization may represent an innovative, alternative cell permeability technique for applications in biomedical engineering, cell drug delivery and gene therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4468521 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44685212015-06-18 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci Nguyen, The Hong Phong Shamis, Yury Croft, Rodney J. Wood, Andrew McIntosh, Robert L. Crawford, Russell J. Ivanova, Elena P. Sci Rep Article The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures at the microwave (MW) frequency of 18 GHz, on four cocci, Planococcus maritimus KMM 3738, Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8(T), S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC 14990(T), was investigated. We demonstrate that exposing the bacteria to an EMF induced permeability in the bacterial membranes of all strains studied, as confirmed directly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and indirectly via the propidium iodide assay and the uptake of silica nanospheres. The cells remained permeable for at least nine minutes after EMF exposure. It was shown that all strains internalized 23.5 nm nanospheres, whereas the internalization of the 46.3 nm nanospheres differed amongst the bacterial strains (S. epidermidis ATCC 14990(T)~ 0%; Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8(T) S. aureus ATCC 25923, ~40%; Planococcus maritimus KMM 3738, ~80%). Cell viability experiments indicated that up to 84% of the cells exposed to the EMF remained viable. The morphology of the bacterial cells was not altered, as inferred from the scanning electron micrographs, however traces of leaked cytosolic fluids from the EMF exposed cells could be detected. EMF-induced permeabilization may represent an innovative, alternative cell permeability technique for applications in biomedical engineering, cell drug delivery and gene therapy. Nature Publishing Group 2015-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4468521/ /pubmed/26077933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10980 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Nguyen, The Hong Phong Shamis, Yury Croft, Rodney J. Wood, Andrew McIntosh, Robert L. Crawford, Russell J. Ivanova, Elena P. 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci |
title | 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci |
title_full | 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci |
title_fullStr | 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci |
title_full_unstemmed | 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci |
title_short | 18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci |
title_sort | 18 ghz electromagnetic field induces permeability of gram-positive cocci |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4468521/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26077933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10980 |
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