Cargando…

The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a clinically diagnosed, heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental condition, whose underlying causes have yet to be fully determined. A variety of studies have investigated either cortical, subcortical, or cerebellar anatomy in ASD, but none have conducted a complete examin...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sussman, D., Leung, R.C., Vogan, V.M., Lee, W., Trelle, S., Lin, S., Cassel, D.B., Chakravarty, M.M., Lerch, J.P., Anagnostou, E., Taylor, M.J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4473820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106541
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.008
_version_ 1782377232991256576
author Sussman, D.
Leung, R.C.
Vogan, V.M.
Lee, W.
Trelle, S.
Lin, S.
Cassel, D.B.
Chakravarty, M.M.
Lerch, J.P.
Anagnostou, E.
Taylor, M.J.
author_facet Sussman, D.
Leung, R.C.
Vogan, V.M.
Lee, W.
Trelle, S.
Lin, S.
Cassel, D.B.
Chakravarty, M.M.
Lerch, J.P.
Anagnostou, E.
Taylor, M.J.
author_sort Sussman, D.
collection PubMed
description Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a clinically diagnosed, heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental condition, whose underlying causes have yet to be fully determined. A variety of studies have investigated either cortical, subcortical, or cerebellar anatomy in ASD, but none have conducted a complete examination of all neuroanatomical parameters on a single, large cohort. The current study provides a comprehensive examination of brain development of children with ASD between the ages of 4 and 18 years who are carefully matched for age and sex with typically developing controls at a ratio of one-to-two. Two hundred and ten magnetic resonance images were examined from 138 Control (116 males and 22 females) and 72 participants with ASD (61 males and 11 females). Cortical segmentation into 78 brain-regions and 81,924 vertices was conducted with CIVET which facilitated a region-of-interest- (ROI-) and vertex-based analysis, respectively. Volumes for the cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, pallidum, and thalamus and many associated subregions were derived using the MAGeT Brain algorithm. The study reveals cortical, subcortical and cerebellar differences between ASD and Control group participants. Diagnosis, diagnosis-by-age, and diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects were found to significantly impact total brain volume but not total surface area or mean cortical thickness of the ASD participants. Localized (vertex-based) analysis of cortical thickness revealed no significant group differences, even when age, age-range, and sex were used as covariates. Nonetheless, the region-based cortical thickness analysis did reveal regional changes in the left orbitofrontal cortex and left posterior cingulate gyrus, both of which showed reduced age-related cortical thinning in ASD. Our finding of region-based differences without significant vertex-based results likely indicates non-focal effects spanning the entirety of these regions. The hippocampi, thalamus, and globus pallidus, were smaller in volume relative to total cerebrum in the ASD participants. Various sub-structures showed an interaction of diagnosis-by-age, diagnosis-by-sex, and diagnosis-by-age-range, in the case where age was divided into childhood (age < 12) and adolescence (12 < age < 18). This is the most comprehensive imaging-based neuro-anatomical pediatric and adolescent ASD study to date. These data highlight the neurodevelopmental differences between typically developing children and those with ASD, and support aspects of the hypothesis of abnormal neuro-developmental trajectory of the brain in ASD.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4473820
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Elsevier
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-44738202015-06-23 The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD Sussman, D. Leung, R.C. Vogan, V.M. Lee, W. Trelle, S. Lin, S. Cassel, D.B. Chakravarty, M.M. Lerch, J.P. Anagnostou, E. Taylor, M.J. Neuroimage Clin Article Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a clinically diagnosed, heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental condition, whose underlying causes have yet to be fully determined. A variety of studies have investigated either cortical, subcortical, or cerebellar anatomy in ASD, but none have conducted a complete examination of all neuroanatomical parameters on a single, large cohort. The current study provides a comprehensive examination of brain development of children with ASD between the ages of 4 and 18 years who are carefully matched for age and sex with typically developing controls at a ratio of one-to-two. Two hundred and ten magnetic resonance images were examined from 138 Control (116 males and 22 females) and 72 participants with ASD (61 males and 11 females). Cortical segmentation into 78 brain-regions and 81,924 vertices was conducted with CIVET which facilitated a region-of-interest- (ROI-) and vertex-based analysis, respectively. Volumes for the cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, pallidum, and thalamus and many associated subregions were derived using the MAGeT Brain algorithm. The study reveals cortical, subcortical and cerebellar differences between ASD and Control group participants. Diagnosis, diagnosis-by-age, and diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects were found to significantly impact total brain volume but not total surface area or mean cortical thickness of the ASD participants. Localized (vertex-based) analysis of cortical thickness revealed no significant group differences, even when age, age-range, and sex were used as covariates. Nonetheless, the region-based cortical thickness analysis did reveal regional changes in the left orbitofrontal cortex and left posterior cingulate gyrus, both of which showed reduced age-related cortical thinning in ASD. Our finding of region-based differences without significant vertex-based results likely indicates non-focal effects spanning the entirety of these regions. The hippocampi, thalamus, and globus pallidus, were smaller in volume relative to total cerebrum in the ASD participants. Various sub-structures showed an interaction of diagnosis-by-age, diagnosis-by-sex, and diagnosis-by-age-range, in the case where age was divided into childhood (age < 12) and adolescence (12 < age < 18). This is the most comprehensive imaging-based neuro-anatomical pediatric and adolescent ASD study to date. These data highlight the neurodevelopmental differences between typically developing children and those with ASD, and support aspects of the hypothesis of abnormal neuro-developmental trajectory of the brain in ASD. Elsevier 2015-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4473820/ /pubmed/26106541 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.008 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sussman, D.
Leung, R.C.
Vogan, V.M.
Lee, W.
Trelle, S.
Lin, S.
Cassel, D.B.
Chakravarty, M.M.
Lerch, J.P.
Anagnostou, E.
Taylor, M.J.
The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD
title The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD
title_full The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD
title_fullStr The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD
title_full_unstemmed The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD
title_short The autism puzzle: Diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with ASD
title_sort autism puzzle: diffuse but not pervasive neuroanatomical abnormalities in children with asd
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4473820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106541
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.008
work_keys_str_mv AT sussmand theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT leungrc theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT voganvm theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT leew theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT trelles theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT lins theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT casseldb theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT chakravartymm theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT lerchjp theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT anagnostoue theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT taylormj theautismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT sussmand autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT leungrc autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT voganvm autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT leew autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT trelles autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT lins autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT casseldb autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT chakravartymm autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT lerchjp autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT anagnostoue autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd
AT taylormj autismpuzzlediffusebutnotpervasiveneuroanatomicalabnormalitiesinchildrenwithasd