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Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set
Stimulus expectation can modulate neural responses in early sensory cortical regions, with expected stimuli often leading to a reduced neural response. However, it is unclear whether this expectation suppression is an automatic phenomenon or is instead dependent on the type of task a subject is enga...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476778/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131172 |
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author | St. John-Saaltink, Elexa Utzerath, Christian Kok, Peter Lau, Hakwan C. de Lange, Floris P. |
author_facet | St. John-Saaltink, Elexa Utzerath, Christian Kok, Peter Lau, Hakwan C. de Lange, Floris P. |
author_sort | St. John-Saaltink, Elexa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Stimulus expectation can modulate neural responses in early sensory cortical regions, with expected stimuli often leading to a reduced neural response. However, it is unclear whether this expectation suppression is an automatic phenomenon or is instead dependent on the type of task a subject is engaged in. To investigate this, human subjects were presented with visual grating stimuli in the periphery that were either predictable or non-predictable while they performed three tasks that differently engaged cognitive resources. In two of the tasks, the predictable stimulus was task-irrelevant and spatial attention was engaged at fixation, with a high load on either perceptual or working memory resources. In the third task, the predictable stimulus was task-relevant, and therefore spatially attended. We observed that expectation suppression is dependent on the cognitive resources engaged by a subjects’ current task. When the grating was task-irrelevant, expectation suppression for predictable items was visible in retinotopically specific areas of early visual cortex (V1-V3) during the perceptual task, but it was abolished when working memory was loaded. When the grating was task-relevant and spatially attended, there was no significant effect of expectation in early visual cortex. These results suggest that expectation suppression is not an automatic phenomenon, but dependent on attentional state and type of available cognitive resources. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4476778 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44767782015-06-25 Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set St. John-Saaltink, Elexa Utzerath, Christian Kok, Peter Lau, Hakwan C. de Lange, Floris P. PLoS One Research Article Stimulus expectation can modulate neural responses in early sensory cortical regions, with expected stimuli often leading to a reduced neural response. However, it is unclear whether this expectation suppression is an automatic phenomenon or is instead dependent on the type of task a subject is engaged in. To investigate this, human subjects were presented with visual grating stimuli in the periphery that were either predictable or non-predictable while they performed three tasks that differently engaged cognitive resources. In two of the tasks, the predictable stimulus was task-irrelevant and spatial attention was engaged at fixation, with a high load on either perceptual or working memory resources. In the third task, the predictable stimulus was task-relevant, and therefore spatially attended. We observed that expectation suppression is dependent on the cognitive resources engaged by a subjects’ current task. When the grating was task-irrelevant, expectation suppression for predictable items was visible in retinotopically specific areas of early visual cortex (V1-V3) during the perceptual task, but it was abolished when working memory was loaded. When the grating was task-relevant and spatially attended, there was no significant effect of expectation in early visual cortex. These results suggest that expectation suppression is not an automatic phenomenon, but dependent on attentional state and type of available cognitive resources. Public Library of Science 2015-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4476778/ /pubmed/26098331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131172 Text en © 2015 St. John-Saaltink et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article St. John-Saaltink, Elexa Utzerath, Christian Kok, Peter Lau, Hakwan C. de Lange, Floris P. Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set |
title | Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set |
title_full | Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set |
title_fullStr | Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set |
title_full_unstemmed | Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set |
title_short | Expectation Suppression in Early Visual Cortex Depends on Task Set |
title_sort | expectation suppression in early visual cortex depends on task set |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476778/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131172 |
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