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Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses

The relevance of neuronal and synaptic variability remains unclear. Cellular and synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation are also variable. This could reflect state-dependent effects caused by the variable initial cellular or synaptic properties or direct variability in plasticity-inducing mechanism...

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Autor principal: Parker, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26171252
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/512156
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author Parker, David
author_facet Parker, David
author_sort Parker, David
collection PubMed
description The relevance of neuronal and synaptic variability remains unclear. Cellular and synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation are also variable. This could reflect state-dependent effects caused by the variable initial cellular or synaptic properties or direct variability in plasticity-inducing mechanisms. This study has examined state-dependent influences on synaptic plasticity at connections between excitatory interneurons (EIN) and motor neurons in the lamprey spinal cord. State-dependent effects were examined by correlating initial synaptic properties with the substance P-mediated plasticity of low frequency-evoked EPSPs and the reduction of the EPSP depression over spike trains (metaplasticity). The low frequency EPSP potentiation reflected an interaction between the potentiation of NMDA responses and the release probability. The release probability introduced a variable state-dependent subtractive influence on the postsynaptic NMDA-dependent potentiation. The metaplasticity was also state-dependent: it was greater at connections with smaller available vesicle pools and high initial release probabilities. This was supported by the significant reduction in the number of connections showing metaplasticity when the release probability was reduced by high Mg(2+) Ringer. Initial synaptic properties thus introduce state-dependent influences that affect the potential for plasticity. Understanding these conditions will be as important as understanding the subsequent changes.
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spelling pubmed-44809362015-07-13 Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses Parker, David Neural Plast Research Article The relevance of neuronal and synaptic variability remains unclear. Cellular and synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation are also variable. This could reflect state-dependent effects caused by the variable initial cellular or synaptic properties or direct variability in plasticity-inducing mechanisms. This study has examined state-dependent influences on synaptic plasticity at connections between excitatory interneurons (EIN) and motor neurons in the lamprey spinal cord. State-dependent effects were examined by correlating initial synaptic properties with the substance P-mediated plasticity of low frequency-evoked EPSPs and the reduction of the EPSP depression over spike trains (metaplasticity). The low frequency EPSP potentiation reflected an interaction between the potentiation of NMDA responses and the release probability. The release probability introduced a variable state-dependent subtractive influence on the postsynaptic NMDA-dependent potentiation. The metaplasticity was also state-dependent: it was greater at connections with smaller available vesicle pools and high initial release probabilities. This was supported by the significant reduction in the number of connections showing metaplasticity when the release probability was reduced by high Mg(2+) Ringer. Initial synaptic properties thus introduce state-dependent influences that affect the potential for plasticity. Understanding these conditions will be as important as understanding the subsequent changes. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4480936/ /pubmed/26171252 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/512156 Text en Copyright © 2015 David Parker. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Parker, David
Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses
title Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses
title_full Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses
title_fullStr Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses
title_full_unstemmed Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses
title_short Synaptic Variability Introduces State-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Spinal Cord Synapses
title_sort synaptic variability introduces state-dependent modulation of excitatory spinal cord synapses
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26171252
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/512156
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