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Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification
The spatial pooling method such as spatial pyramid matching (SPM) is very crucial in the bag of features model used in image classification. SPM partitions the image into a set of regular grids and assumes that the spatial layout of all visual words obey the uniform distribution over these regular g...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131164 |
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author | Mu, Guangyu Liu, Ying Wang, Limin |
author_facet | Mu, Guangyu Liu, Ying Wang, Limin |
author_sort | Mu, Guangyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | The spatial pooling method such as spatial pyramid matching (SPM) is very crucial in the bag of features model used in image classification. SPM partitions the image into a set of regular grids and assumes that the spatial layout of all visual words obey the uniform distribution over these regular grids. However, in practice, we consider that different visual words should obey different spatial layout distributions. To improve SPM, we develop a novel spatial pooling method, namely spatial distribution pooling (SDP). The proposed SDP method uses an extension model of Gauss mixture model to estimate the spatial layout distributions of the visual vocabulary. For each visual word type, SDP can generate a set of flexible grids rather than the regular grids from the traditional SPM. Furthermore, we can compute the grid weights for visual word tokens according to their spatial coordinates. The experimental results demonstrate that SDP outperforms the traditional spatial pooling methods, and is competitive with the state-of-the-art classification accuracy on several challenging image datasets. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4488279 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44882792015-07-02 Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification Mu, Guangyu Liu, Ying Wang, Limin PLoS One Research Article The spatial pooling method such as spatial pyramid matching (SPM) is very crucial in the bag of features model used in image classification. SPM partitions the image into a set of regular grids and assumes that the spatial layout of all visual words obey the uniform distribution over these regular grids. However, in practice, we consider that different visual words should obey different spatial layout distributions. To improve SPM, we develop a novel spatial pooling method, namely spatial distribution pooling (SDP). The proposed SDP method uses an extension model of Gauss mixture model to estimate the spatial layout distributions of the visual vocabulary. For each visual word type, SDP can generate a set of flexible grids rather than the regular grids from the traditional SPM. Furthermore, we can compute the grid weights for visual word tokens according to their spatial coordinates. The experimental results demonstrate that SDP outperforms the traditional spatial pooling methods, and is competitive with the state-of-the-art classification accuracy on several challenging image datasets. Public Library of Science 2015-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4488279/ /pubmed/26121038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131164 Text en © 2015 Mu et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mu, Guangyu Liu, Ying Wang, Limin Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification |
title | Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification |
title_full | Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification |
title_fullStr | Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification |
title_full_unstemmed | Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification |
title_short | Considering the Spatial Layout Information of Bag of Features (BoF) Framework for Image Classification |
title_sort | considering the spatial layout information of bag of features (bof) framework for image classification |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131164 |
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