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Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effe...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488782/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240 |
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author | Greiller, Claire L. Martineau, Adrian R. |
author_facet | Greiller, Claire L. Martineau, Adrian R. |
author_sort | Greiller, Claire L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effects. Several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. Scope: In this article, we review the literature reporting results of in vitro experiments investigating immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D metabolites in human respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses. Key findings: Vitamin D metabolites do not consistently influence replication or clearance of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cell culture, although they do modulate expression and secretion of type 1 interferon, chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. Future research: More studies are needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D metabolites on respiratory virus-induced expression of cell surface markers mediating viral entry and bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4488782 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44887822015-07-02 Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D Greiller, Claire L. Martineau, Adrian R. Nutrients Review Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effects. Several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. Scope: In this article, we review the literature reporting results of in vitro experiments investigating immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D metabolites in human respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses. Key findings: Vitamin D metabolites do not consistently influence replication or clearance of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cell culture, although they do modulate expression and secretion of type 1 interferon, chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. Future research: More studies are needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D metabolites on respiratory virus-induced expression of cell surface markers mediating viral entry and bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells. MDPI 2015-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4488782/ /pubmed/26035247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Greiller, Claire L. Martineau, Adrian R. Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D |
title | Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D |
title_full | Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D |
title_fullStr | Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D |
title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D |
title_short | Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D |
title_sort | modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin d |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488782/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT greillerclairel modulationoftheimmuneresponsetorespiratoryvirusesbyvitamind AT martineauadrianr modulationoftheimmuneresponsetorespiratoryvirusesbyvitamind |