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Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effe...

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Autores principales: Greiller, Claire L., Martineau, Adrian R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035247
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240
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author Greiller, Claire L.
Martineau, Adrian R.
author_facet Greiller, Claire L.
Martineau, Adrian R.
author_sort Greiller, Claire L.
collection PubMed
description Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effects. Several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. Scope: In this article, we review the literature reporting results of in vitro experiments investigating immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D metabolites in human respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses. Key findings: Vitamin D metabolites do not consistently influence replication or clearance of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cell culture, although they do modulate expression and secretion of type 1 interferon, chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. Future research: More studies are needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D metabolites on respiratory virus-induced expression of cell surface markers mediating viral entry and bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells.
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spelling pubmed-44887822015-07-02 Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D Greiller, Claire L. Martineau, Adrian R. Nutrients Review Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effects. Several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. Scope: In this article, we review the literature reporting results of in vitro experiments investigating immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D metabolites in human respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses. Key findings: Vitamin D metabolites do not consistently influence replication or clearance of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cell culture, although they do modulate expression and secretion of type 1 interferon, chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. Future research: More studies are needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D metabolites on respiratory virus-induced expression of cell surface markers mediating viral entry and bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells. MDPI 2015-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4488782/ /pubmed/26035247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Greiller, Claire L.
Martineau, Adrian R.
Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
title Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
title_full Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
title_fullStr Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
title_short Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D
title_sort modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin d
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035247
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240
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