The endocannabinoid anandamide during lactation increases body fat content and CB(1) receptor levels in mice adipose tissue

Type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)R) modulate energy balance; thus, their premature activation may result in altered physiology of tissues involved in such a function. Activation of CB(1)R mainly occurs after binding to the endocannabinoid Anandamide (AEA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AEA treatment during lactation on epididymal and body fat content, in addition to CB(1)R protein level at weaning. With this purpose, male mice pups were orally treated with AEA (20 μg g(−1) body weight) or vehicle during lactation. Mice (21 days old) were killed and epididymal fat was extracted to evaluate its amount, adipocyte size and CB(1)R protein levels by western blot analysis. Total body fat percentage was also evaluated. Anandamide-treated mice showed an increased body fat content at 21 and 150 days of age. Moreover, epididymal adipose tissue amount, adipocyte size and CB(1)R protein levels were higher in the AEA-treated group. This in vivo study shows for the first time that a progressive increase in body fat accumulation can be programmed in early stages of life by oral treatment with the endocannabinoid AEA, a fact associated with an increased amount of epididymal fat pads and a higher expression of CB(1)R in this tissue.