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Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition

Mass and stiffness affect on the peculiar characteristics of transmission of the middle ear and the distinctive behavior of the cochlear mechanics. Applying the principle of the mass and stiffness, the band-pass characteristic transfer function of the middle ear has been explained. The greatest tran...

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Autores principales: Kim, Jinsook, Koo, Miseung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Audiological Society 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185784
http://dx.doi.org/10.7874/jao.2015.19.1.1
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author Kim, Jinsook
Koo, Miseung
author_facet Kim, Jinsook
Koo, Miseung
author_sort Kim, Jinsook
collection PubMed
description Mass and stiffness affect on the peculiar characteristics of transmission of the middle ear and the distinctive behavior of the cochlear mechanics. Applying the principle of the mass and stiffness, the band-pass characteristic transfer function of the middle ear has been explained. The greatest transfer function of the middle ear, approximately 24-29 dB, is observed at 1-2 kHz in both cat and human species. However, at lower frequencies, the transfer function was disturbed by the stiffness of the middle ear primarily due to middle ear cavity. At higher frequencies, the transfer function was disturbed by the stiffness of the middle ear primarily due to middle ear bones. Several examples, such as an acoustic reflex, otitis media, and otosclerosis are discussed. For understanding the traveling wave of the basilar membrane, different place tuning at certain stimulus frequencies, contrastingly shaped basilar membrane to the cochlear duct, and the structural and physical characteristics of the whole cochlear partition were reviewed in terms of changing width, mass, and stiffness from the base to apex. Being about ten times wider, more massive, and one hundredfold stiffer at the base than the apex, the nature of the cochlear partition to absorb high-frequency energy changes in fluid pressure declines toward the apex. Consequently, at the base of the cochlea, high frequencies stimuli are decoded while low frequencies stimuli are decoded at the apex of the cochlea. Due to these characteristics of the cochlear partition, the direction of the traveling wave was also proved to be in the fashion of base-to-apex always.
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spelling pubmed-44919432015-07-16 Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition Kim, Jinsook Koo, Miseung J Audiol Otol Review Mass and stiffness affect on the peculiar characteristics of transmission of the middle ear and the distinctive behavior of the cochlear mechanics. Applying the principle of the mass and stiffness, the band-pass characteristic transfer function of the middle ear has been explained. The greatest transfer function of the middle ear, approximately 24-29 dB, is observed at 1-2 kHz in both cat and human species. However, at lower frequencies, the transfer function was disturbed by the stiffness of the middle ear primarily due to middle ear cavity. At higher frequencies, the transfer function was disturbed by the stiffness of the middle ear primarily due to middle ear bones. Several examples, such as an acoustic reflex, otitis media, and otosclerosis are discussed. For understanding the traveling wave of the basilar membrane, different place tuning at certain stimulus frequencies, contrastingly shaped basilar membrane to the cochlear duct, and the structural and physical characteristics of the whole cochlear partition were reviewed in terms of changing width, mass, and stiffness from the base to apex. Being about ten times wider, more massive, and one hundredfold stiffer at the base than the apex, the nature of the cochlear partition to absorb high-frequency energy changes in fluid pressure declines toward the apex. Consequently, at the base of the cochlea, high frequencies stimuli are decoded while low frequencies stimuli are decoded at the apex of the cochlea. Due to these characteristics of the cochlear partition, the direction of the traveling wave was also proved to be in the fashion of base-to-apex always. The Korean Audiological Society 2015-04 2015-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4491943/ /pubmed/26185784 http://dx.doi.org/10.7874/jao.2015.19.1.1 Text en Copyright © 2015 The Korean Audiological Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Kim, Jinsook
Koo, Miseung
Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition
title Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition
title_full Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition
title_fullStr Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition
title_full_unstemmed Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition
title_short Mass and Stiffness Impact on the Middle Ear and the Cochlear Partition
title_sort mass and stiffness impact on the middle ear and the cochlear partition
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185784
http://dx.doi.org/10.7874/jao.2015.19.1.1
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