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Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We?
With its vast amount of uncharacterized and characterized T cell epitopes available for activating CD4(+) T helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic lymphocytes simultaneously, whole tumor antigen represents an attractive alternative source of antigens as compared to tumor-derived peptides and full-length recomb...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494356/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines3020344 |
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author | Chiang, Cheryl Lai-Lai Coukos, George Kandalaft, Lana E. |
author_facet | Chiang, Cheryl Lai-Lai Coukos, George Kandalaft, Lana E. |
author_sort | Chiang, Cheryl Lai-Lai |
collection | PubMed |
description | With its vast amount of uncharacterized and characterized T cell epitopes available for activating CD4(+) T helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic lymphocytes simultaneously, whole tumor antigen represents an attractive alternative source of antigens as compared to tumor-derived peptides and full-length recombinant tumor proteins for dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Unlike defined tumor-derived peptides and proteins, whole tumor lysate therapy is applicable to all patients regardless of their HLA type. DCs are essentially the master regulators of immune response, and are the most potent antigen-presenting cell population for priming and activating naïve T cells to target tumors. Because of these unique properties, numerous DC-based immunotherapies have been initiated in the clinics. In this review, we describe the different types of whole tumor antigens that we could use to pulse DCs ex vivo and in vivo. We also discuss the different routes of delivering whole tumor antigens to DCs in vivo and activating them with toll-like receptor agonists. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4494356 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44943562015-08-31 Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? Chiang, Cheryl Lai-Lai Coukos, George Kandalaft, Lana E. Vaccines (Basel) Review With its vast amount of uncharacterized and characterized T cell epitopes available for activating CD4(+) T helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic lymphocytes simultaneously, whole tumor antigen represents an attractive alternative source of antigens as compared to tumor-derived peptides and full-length recombinant tumor proteins for dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Unlike defined tumor-derived peptides and proteins, whole tumor lysate therapy is applicable to all patients regardless of their HLA type. DCs are essentially the master regulators of immune response, and are the most potent antigen-presenting cell population for priming and activating naïve T cells to target tumors. Because of these unique properties, numerous DC-based immunotherapies have been initiated in the clinics. In this review, we describe the different types of whole tumor antigens that we could use to pulse DCs ex vivo and in vivo. We also discuss the different routes of delivering whole tumor antigens to DCs in vivo and activating them with toll-like receptor agonists. MDPI 2015-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4494356/ /pubmed/26343191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines3020344 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Chiang, Cheryl Lai-Lai Coukos, George Kandalaft, Lana E. Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? |
title | Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? |
title_full | Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? |
title_fullStr | Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? |
title_full_unstemmed | Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? |
title_short | Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We? |
title_sort | whole tumor antigen vaccines: where are we? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494356/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines3020344 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chiangcheryllailai wholetumorantigenvaccineswherearewe AT coukosgeorge wholetumorantigenvaccineswherearewe AT kandalaftlanae wholetumorantigenvaccineswherearewe |