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Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals

Summary: Transposable elements constitute a large fraction of vertebrate genomes and, during evolution, may be co-opted for new functions. Exonization of transposable elements inserted within or close to host genes is one possible way to generate new genes, and alternative splicing of the new exons...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Abascal, Federico, Tress, Michael L., Valencia, Alfonso
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25735770
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv132
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author Abascal, Federico
Tress, Michael L.
Valencia, Alfonso
author_facet Abascal, Federico
Tress, Michael L.
Valencia, Alfonso
author_sort Abascal, Federico
collection PubMed
description Summary: Transposable elements constitute a large fraction of vertebrate genomes and, during evolution, may be co-opted for new functions. Exonization of transposable elements inserted within or close to host genes is one possible way to generate new genes, and alternative splicing of the new exons may represent an intermediate step in this process. The genes TMPO and ZNF451 are present in all vertebrate lineages. Although they are not evolutionarily related, mammalian TMPO and ZNF451 do have something in common—they both code for splice isoforms that contain LAP2alpha domains. We found that these LAP2alpha domains have sequence similarity to repetitive sequences in non-mammalian genomes, which are in turn related to the first ORF from a DIRS1-like retrotransposon. This retrotransposon domestication happened separately and resulted in proteins that combine retrotransposon and host protein domains. The alternative splicing of the retrotransposed sequence allowed the production of both the new and the untouched original isoforms, which may have contributed to the success of the colonization process. The LAP2alpha-specific isoform of TMPO (LAP2α) has been co-opted for important roles in the cell, whereas the ZNF451 LAP2alpha isoform is evolving under strong purifying selection but remains uncharacterized. Contact: mtress@cnio.es or valencia@cnio.es Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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spelling pubmed-44952912015-07-09 Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals Abascal, Federico Tress, Michael L. Valencia, Alfonso Bioinformatics Discovery Notes Summary: Transposable elements constitute a large fraction of vertebrate genomes and, during evolution, may be co-opted for new functions. Exonization of transposable elements inserted within or close to host genes is one possible way to generate new genes, and alternative splicing of the new exons may represent an intermediate step in this process. The genes TMPO and ZNF451 are present in all vertebrate lineages. Although they are not evolutionarily related, mammalian TMPO and ZNF451 do have something in common—they both code for splice isoforms that contain LAP2alpha domains. We found that these LAP2alpha domains have sequence similarity to repetitive sequences in non-mammalian genomes, which are in turn related to the first ORF from a DIRS1-like retrotransposon. This retrotransposon domestication happened separately and resulted in proteins that combine retrotransposon and host protein domains. The alternative splicing of the retrotransposed sequence allowed the production of both the new and the untouched original isoforms, which may have contributed to the success of the colonization process. The LAP2alpha-specific isoform of TMPO (LAP2α) has been co-opted for important roles in the cell, whereas the ZNF451 LAP2alpha isoform is evolving under strong purifying selection but remains uncharacterized. Contact: mtress@cnio.es or valencia@cnio.es Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Oxford University Press 2015-07-15 2015-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4495291/ /pubmed/25735770 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv132 Text en © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Discovery Notes
Abascal, Federico
Tress, Michael L.
Valencia, Alfonso
Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals
title Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals
title_full Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals
title_fullStr Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals
title_full_unstemmed Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals
title_short Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO/LAP2α and ZNF451 in mammals
title_sort alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of tmpo/lap2α and znf451 in mammals
topic Discovery Notes
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25735770
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv132
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