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Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut
The midgut microbial community in insect vectors of disease is crucial for an effective immune response against infection with various human and animal pathogens. Depending on the aspects of their development, insects can acquire microbes present in soil, water, and plants. Sand flies are major vect...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26154607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003923 |
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author | Heerman, Matthew Weng, Ju-Lin Hurwitz, Ivy Durvasula, Ravi Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo |
author_facet | Heerman, Matthew Weng, Ju-Lin Hurwitz, Ivy Durvasula, Ravi Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo |
author_sort | Heerman, Matthew |
collection | PubMed |
description | The midgut microbial community in insect vectors of disease is crucial for an effective immune response against infection with various human and animal pathogens. Depending on the aspects of their development, insects can acquire microbes present in soil, water, and plants. Sand flies are major vectors of leishmaniasis, and shown to harbor a wide variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Sand fly larval stages acquire microorganisms from the soil, and the abundance and distribution of these microorganisms may vary depending on the sand fly species or the breeding site. Here, we assess the distribution of two bacteria commonly found within the gut of sand flies, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis. We demonstrate that these bacteria are able to differentially infect the larval digestive tract, and regulate the immune response in sand fly larvae. Moreover, bacterial distribution, and likely the ability to colonize the gut, is driven, at least in part, by a gradient of pH present in the gut. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4495979 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44959792015-07-15 Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut Heerman, Matthew Weng, Ju-Lin Hurwitz, Ivy Durvasula, Ravi Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article The midgut microbial community in insect vectors of disease is crucial for an effective immune response against infection with various human and animal pathogens. Depending on the aspects of their development, insects can acquire microbes present in soil, water, and plants. Sand flies are major vectors of leishmaniasis, and shown to harbor a wide variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Sand fly larval stages acquire microorganisms from the soil, and the abundance and distribution of these microorganisms may vary depending on the sand fly species or the breeding site. Here, we assess the distribution of two bacteria commonly found within the gut of sand flies, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis. We demonstrate that these bacteria are able to differentially infect the larval digestive tract, and regulate the immune response in sand fly larvae. Moreover, bacterial distribution, and likely the ability to colonize the gut, is driven, at least in part, by a gradient of pH present in the gut. Public Library of Science 2015-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4495979/ /pubmed/26154607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003923 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Heerman, Matthew Weng, Ju-Lin Hurwitz, Ivy Durvasula, Ravi Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut |
title | Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut |
title_full | Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut |
title_fullStr | Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut |
title_short | Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut |
title_sort | bacterial infection and immune responses in lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly larvae midgut |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26154607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003923 |
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