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First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs

Predator confrontation or predator evasion frequently produces bone fractures in potential prey in the wild. Although there are reports of healed bone injuries and pathologies in non-avian dinosaurs, no previously published instances of biomechanically adaptive bone modeling exist. Two tibiae from a...

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Autores principales: Cubo, Jorge, Woodward, Holly, Wolff, Ewan, Horner, John R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131131
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author Cubo, Jorge
Woodward, Holly
Wolff, Ewan
Horner, John R.
author_facet Cubo, Jorge
Woodward, Holly
Wolff, Ewan
Horner, John R.
author_sort Cubo, Jorge
collection PubMed
description Predator confrontation or predator evasion frequently produces bone fractures in potential prey in the wild. Although there are reports of healed bone injuries and pathologies in non-avian dinosaurs, no previously published instances of biomechanically adaptive bone modeling exist. Two tibiae from an ontogenetic sample of fifty specimens of the herbivorous dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum (Ornithopoda: Hadrosaurinae) exhibit exostoses. We show that these outgrowths are cases of biomechanically adaptive periosteal bone modeling resulting from overstrain on the tibia after a fibula fracture. Histological and biomechanical results are congruent with predictions derived from this hypothesis. Histologically, the outgrowths are constituted by radial fibrolamellar periosteal bone tissue formed at very high growth rates, as expected in a process of rapid strain equilibration response. These outgrowths show greater compactness at the periphery, where tensile and compressive biomechanical constraints are higher. Moreover, these outgrowths increase the maximum bending strength in the direction of the stresses derived from locomotion. They are located on the antero-lateral side of the tibia, as expected in a presumably bipedal one year old individual, and in the posterior position of the tibia, as expected in a presumably quadrupedal individual at least four years of age. These results reinforce myological evidence suggesting that Maiasaura underwent an ontogenetic shift from the primitive ornithischian bipedal condition when young to a derived quadrupedal posture when older.
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spelling pubmed-44959952015-07-15 First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs Cubo, Jorge Woodward, Holly Wolff, Ewan Horner, John R. PLoS One Research Article Predator confrontation or predator evasion frequently produces bone fractures in potential prey in the wild. Although there are reports of healed bone injuries and pathologies in non-avian dinosaurs, no previously published instances of biomechanically adaptive bone modeling exist. Two tibiae from an ontogenetic sample of fifty specimens of the herbivorous dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum (Ornithopoda: Hadrosaurinae) exhibit exostoses. We show that these outgrowths are cases of biomechanically adaptive periosteal bone modeling resulting from overstrain on the tibia after a fibula fracture. Histological and biomechanical results are congruent with predictions derived from this hypothesis. Histologically, the outgrowths are constituted by radial fibrolamellar periosteal bone tissue formed at very high growth rates, as expected in a process of rapid strain equilibration response. These outgrowths show greater compactness at the periphery, where tensile and compressive biomechanical constraints are higher. Moreover, these outgrowths increase the maximum bending strength in the direction of the stresses derived from locomotion. They are located on the antero-lateral side of the tibia, as expected in a presumably bipedal one year old individual, and in the posterior position of the tibia, as expected in a presumably quadrupedal individual at least four years of age. These results reinforce myological evidence suggesting that Maiasaura underwent an ontogenetic shift from the primitive ornithischian bipedal condition when young to a derived quadrupedal posture when older. Public Library of Science 2015-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4495995/ /pubmed/26153689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131131 Text en © 2015 Cubo et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cubo, Jorge
Woodward, Holly
Wolff, Ewan
Horner, John R.
First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs
title First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs
title_full First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs
title_fullStr First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs
title_full_unstemmed First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs
title_short First Reported Cases of Biomechanically Adaptive Bone Modeling in Non-Avian Dinosaurs
title_sort first reported cases of biomechanically adaptive bone modeling in non-avian dinosaurs
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131131
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