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Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran
BACKGROUND: Fluoride is an essential element for human health. However, excess fluoride in drinking water may cause dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. Drinking water is the main route of fluoride intake. The aim of the present study was to measure fluoride levels in human breast milk collected from t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26171359 |
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author | FARAJI, Hossein MOHAMMADI, Ali Akbar AKBARI-ADERGANI, Behrouz VAKILI SAATLOO, Naimeh LASHKARBOLOKI, Gholamreza MAHVI, Amir Hossein |
author_facet | FARAJI, Hossein MOHAMMADI, Ali Akbar AKBARI-ADERGANI, Behrouz VAKILI SAATLOO, Naimeh LASHKARBOLOKI, Gholamreza MAHVI, Amir Hossein |
author_sort | FARAJI, Hossein |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Fluoride is an essential element for human health. However, excess fluoride in drinking water may cause dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. Drinking water is the main route of fluoride intake. The aim of the present study was to measure fluoride levels in human breast milk collected from two regions of Golestan Province, northern Iran with different amount of fluoride concentration of drinking water in Bandar Gaz and Nokande cities and to correlate it with fluoride concentrations in drinking water used by mothers living in these two areas. METHODS: Twenty samples of water were collected from seven drinking water wells during 2012 from Bandar Gaz and Nokande in Iran during 2012. Fluoride concentration of water samples was measured using SPADNS method. Sixty breast milk samples were collected from lactating mothers of Bandar Gaz and Nokande cities. Content in breast milk was determined using standard F ion-selective electrode. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis was used to assess any possible relationship between fluoride levels in breast milk and in drinking water. RESULTS: The means and standard deviation for F concentration in breast milk and drinking water were 0.002188±0.00026224 ppm and 0.5850±0.22542 ppm, respectively. Analysis of data showed that the variables were not normally distributed so the Spearman correlation coefficient between two variables calculated (ρ(S) = 0.65) and it was significant (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Fluoride concentration in water can directly act on its concentration in breast milk. We speculate that modifying F concentration in water can affect accessibility of fluoride for infants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4499088 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44990882015-07-13 Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran FARAJI, Hossein MOHAMMADI, Ali Akbar AKBARI-ADERGANI, Behrouz VAKILI SAATLOO, Naimeh LASHKARBOLOKI, Gholamreza MAHVI, Amir Hossein Iran J Public Health Original Article BACKGROUND: Fluoride is an essential element for human health. However, excess fluoride in drinking water may cause dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. Drinking water is the main route of fluoride intake. The aim of the present study was to measure fluoride levels in human breast milk collected from two regions of Golestan Province, northern Iran with different amount of fluoride concentration of drinking water in Bandar Gaz and Nokande cities and to correlate it with fluoride concentrations in drinking water used by mothers living in these two areas. METHODS: Twenty samples of water were collected from seven drinking water wells during 2012 from Bandar Gaz and Nokande in Iran during 2012. Fluoride concentration of water samples was measured using SPADNS method. Sixty breast milk samples were collected from lactating mothers of Bandar Gaz and Nokande cities. Content in breast milk was determined using standard F ion-selective electrode. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis was used to assess any possible relationship between fluoride levels in breast milk and in drinking water. RESULTS: The means and standard deviation for F concentration in breast milk and drinking water were 0.002188±0.00026224 ppm and 0.5850±0.22542 ppm, respectively. Analysis of data showed that the variables were not normally distributed so the Spearman correlation coefficient between two variables calculated (ρ(S) = 0.65) and it was significant (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Fluoride concentration in water can directly act on its concentration in breast milk. We speculate that modifying F concentration in water can affect accessibility of fluoride for infants. Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2014-12 2014-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4499088/ /pubmed/26171359 Text en Copyright© Iranian Public Health Association & Tehran University of Medical Sciences This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly. |
spellingShingle | Original Article FARAJI, Hossein MOHAMMADI, Ali Akbar AKBARI-ADERGANI, Behrouz VAKILI SAATLOO, Naimeh LASHKARBOLOKI, Gholamreza MAHVI, Amir Hossein Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran |
title | Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran |
title_full | Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran |
title_fullStr | Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran |
title_short | Correlation between Fluoride in Drinking Water and Its Levels in Breast Milk in Golestan Province, Northern Iran |
title_sort | correlation between fluoride in drinking water and its levels in breast milk in golestan province, northern iran |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26171359 |
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