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Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)

BACKGROUND: In 1998, more than half of the adult population in Germany had serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels below the common threshold of 50 nmol/l. Since then, there has been a lot of attention for vitamin D in the scientific community, the media and the general population and serum 25(O...

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Autores principales: Rabenberg, Martina, Scheidt-Nave, Christa, Busch, Markus A., Rieckmann, Nina, Hintzpeter, Birte, Mensink, Gert B.M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162848
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2016-7
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author Rabenberg, Martina
Scheidt-Nave, Christa
Busch, Markus A.
Rieckmann, Nina
Hintzpeter, Birte
Mensink, Gert B.M.
author_facet Rabenberg, Martina
Scheidt-Nave, Christa
Busch, Markus A.
Rieckmann, Nina
Hintzpeter, Birte
Mensink, Gert B.M.
author_sort Rabenberg, Martina
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In 1998, more than half of the adult population in Germany had serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels below the common threshold of 50 nmol/l. Since then, there has been a lot of attention for vitamin D in the scientific community, the media and the general population and serum 25(OH)D levels may have increased as a consequence. With data from the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults’ (DEGS1) the current situation of vitamin D status can be analysed. METHODS: DEGS1, a national health survey among adults in Germany conducted by the Robert Koch Institute between 2008 and 2011, included 6,995 persons with available serum 25(OH)D levels. We calculated the proportion of participants with serum 25(OH)D levels <30 nmol/l, 30- < 50 nmol/l and > =50 nmol/l overall and according to age, season and latitude of residence as well as percentiles of serum 25(OH)D according to month of examination. Determinants of vitamin D status were analysed with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 45.6 nmol/l with no significant sex differences (p = 0.47). 61.6 % of the participants had serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/l, 30.2 % had levels <30 nmol/l. During summer, half of the participants had levels > =50 nmol/l, during winter time, 25 % of the participants had levels <30 nmol/l. A significant latitudinal gradient was observed in autumn for men and in winter for women. In multiple linear regression analyses, examination during winter time, residing in northern latitude, non-use of vitamin D supplements, low sport activity, high Body Mass Index (BMI) and high media consumption were independently and significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels in both sexes. In addition, among women, significant associations with lower 25(OH)D levels were observed for older age and lower socio-economic status, among men, for low vitamin D intake and more residential traffic. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D levels below the threshold of 50 nmol/l are still common among adults in Germany, especially during winter and spring and in higher latitudes. Potentially modifiable factors of poorer vitamin D status are higher BMI, lack of sport activity and high media use.
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spelling pubmed-44992022015-07-12 Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) Rabenberg, Martina Scheidt-Nave, Christa Busch, Markus A. Rieckmann, Nina Hintzpeter, Birte Mensink, Gert B.M. BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: In 1998, more than half of the adult population in Germany had serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels below the common threshold of 50 nmol/l. Since then, there has been a lot of attention for vitamin D in the scientific community, the media and the general population and serum 25(OH)D levels may have increased as a consequence. With data from the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults’ (DEGS1) the current situation of vitamin D status can be analysed. METHODS: DEGS1, a national health survey among adults in Germany conducted by the Robert Koch Institute between 2008 and 2011, included 6,995 persons with available serum 25(OH)D levels. We calculated the proportion of participants with serum 25(OH)D levels <30 nmol/l, 30- < 50 nmol/l and > =50 nmol/l overall and according to age, season and latitude of residence as well as percentiles of serum 25(OH)D according to month of examination. Determinants of vitamin D status were analysed with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 45.6 nmol/l with no significant sex differences (p = 0.47). 61.6 % of the participants had serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/l, 30.2 % had levels <30 nmol/l. During summer, half of the participants had levels > =50 nmol/l, during winter time, 25 % of the participants had levels <30 nmol/l. A significant latitudinal gradient was observed in autumn for men and in winter for women. In multiple linear regression analyses, examination during winter time, residing in northern latitude, non-use of vitamin D supplements, low sport activity, high Body Mass Index (BMI) and high media consumption were independently and significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels in both sexes. In addition, among women, significant associations with lower 25(OH)D levels were observed for older age and lower socio-economic status, among men, for low vitamin D intake and more residential traffic. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D levels below the threshold of 50 nmol/l are still common among adults in Germany, especially during winter and spring and in higher latitudes. Potentially modifiable factors of poorer vitamin D status are higher BMI, lack of sport activity and high media use. BioMed Central 2015-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4499202/ /pubmed/26162848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2016-7 Text en © Rabenberg et al. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rabenberg, Martina
Scheidt-Nave, Christa
Busch, Markus A.
Rieckmann, Nina
Hintzpeter, Birte
Mensink, Gert B.M.
Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)
title Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)
title_full Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)
title_fullStr Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)
title_short Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)
title_sort vitamin d status among adults in germany – results from the german health interview and examination survey for adults (degs1)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162848
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2016-7
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