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Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System
Copepods are to an increasing extent cultivated as feed for mariculture fish larvae with variable production success. In the temperate climate zone, this production faces seasonal limitation due to changing abiotic factors, in particular temperature and light. Furthermore, the production of copepods...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26167852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132516 |
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author | Skovgaard, Alf Castro-Mejia, Josue Leonardo Hansen, Lars Hestbjerg Nielsen, Dennis Sandris |
author_facet | Skovgaard, Alf Castro-Mejia, Josue Leonardo Hansen, Lars Hestbjerg Nielsen, Dennis Sandris |
author_sort | Skovgaard, Alf |
collection | PubMed |
description | Copepods are to an increasing extent cultivated as feed for mariculture fish larvae with variable production success. In the temperate climate zone, this production faces seasonal limitation due to changing abiotic factors, in particular temperature and light. Furthermore, the production of copepods may be influenced by biotic factors of the culture systems, such as competing microorganisms, harmful algae, or other eukaryotes and prokaryotes that may be non-beneficial for the copepods. In this study, the composition of bacteria associated with copepods was investigated in an extensive outdoor copepod production system. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that bacteria were primarily found attached to the exoskeleton of copepods although a few bacteria were also found in the gut as well as internally in skeletal muscle tissue. Through 16S rRNA gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, a clear difference was found between the microbiomes of the two copepod species, Acartia tonsa and Centropages hamatus, present in the system. This pattern was corroborated through 454/FLX-based 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of copepod microbiomes, which furthermore showed that the abiotic parameters pH and oxygen concentration in rearing tank water were the key factors influencing composition of copepod microbiomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4500450 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45004502015-07-17 Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System Skovgaard, Alf Castro-Mejia, Josue Leonardo Hansen, Lars Hestbjerg Nielsen, Dennis Sandris PLoS One Research Article Copepods are to an increasing extent cultivated as feed for mariculture fish larvae with variable production success. In the temperate climate zone, this production faces seasonal limitation due to changing abiotic factors, in particular temperature and light. Furthermore, the production of copepods may be influenced by biotic factors of the culture systems, such as competing microorganisms, harmful algae, or other eukaryotes and prokaryotes that may be non-beneficial for the copepods. In this study, the composition of bacteria associated with copepods was investigated in an extensive outdoor copepod production system. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that bacteria were primarily found attached to the exoskeleton of copepods although a few bacteria were also found in the gut as well as internally in skeletal muscle tissue. Through 16S rRNA gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, a clear difference was found between the microbiomes of the two copepod species, Acartia tonsa and Centropages hamatus, present in the system. This pattern was corroborated through 454/FLX-based 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of copepod microbiomes, which furthermore showed that the abiotic parameters pH and oxygen concentration in rearing tank water were the key factors influencing composition of copepod microbiomes. Public Library of Science 2015-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4500450/ /pubmed/26167852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132516 Text en © 2015 Skovgaard et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Skovgaard, Alf Castro-Mejia, Josue Leonardo Hansen, Lars Hestbjerg Nielsen, Dennis Sandris Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System |
title | Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System |
title_full | Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System |
title_fullStr | Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System |
title_full_unstemmed | Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System |
title_short | Host-Specific and pH-Dependent Microbiomes of Copepods in an Extensive Rearing System |
title_sort | host-specific and ph-dependent microbiomes of copepods in an extensive rearing system |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26167852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132516 |
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